Sruthi Reddy

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Big Ideas Math Book 8th Grade Answer Key Chapter 4 Graphing and Writing Linear Equations

Make the most out of the handy resources available for Big Ideas Math Ch 4 Graphing and Writing Linear Equations and stand out from the rest of the crowd. BIM Book 8th Grade Chapter 4 Solutions include questions belonging to Lessons 4.1 to 4.7, Cumulative Practice, Assessment Tests, Review Tests, etc. Big Ideas Math 8th Grade Chapter 4 Solution Key is given by subject experts after extensive research. Access the quick links over here during your preparation and get the assistance needed at the comfort of your home.

Performance Task

• Graphing and Writing Linear Equations STEAM Video/Performance Task
• Graphing and Writing Linear Equations Getting Ready for Chapter 4

Lesson: 1 Graphing Linear Equations

• Lesson 4.1 Graphing Linear Equations
• Graphing Linear Equations Homework & Practice 4.1

Lesson: 2 Slope of a Line

• Lesson 4.2 Slope of a Line
• Slope of a Line Homework & Practice 4.2

Lesson: 3 Graphing Proportional Relationships

• Lesson 4.3 Graphing Proportional Relationships
• Graphing Proportional Relationships Homework & Practice 4.3

Lesson: 4 Graphing Linear Equations in Slope-Intercept Form

• Lesson 4.4 Graphing Linear Equations in Slope-Intercept Form
• Graphing Linear Equations in Slope-Intercept Form Homework & Practice 4.4

Lesson: 5 Graphing Linear Equations in Standard Form

• Lesson 4.5 Graphing Linear Equations in Standard Form
• Graphing Linear Equations in Standard Form Homework & Practice 4.5

Lesson: 6 Writing Equations in Slope-Intercept Form

• Lesson 4.6 Writing Equations in Slope-Intercept Form
• Writing Equations in Slope-Intercept Form Homework & Practice 4.6

Lesson: 7 Writing Equations in Point-Slope Form

• Lesson 4.7 Writing Equations in Point-Slope Form
• Writing Equations in Point-Slope Form Homework & Practice 4.7

Chapter: 4 – Graphing and Writing Linear Equations

• Graphing and Writing Linear Equations Connecting Concepts
• Graphing and Writing Linear Equations Chapter Review
• Graphing and Writing Linear Equations Practice Test
• Graphing and Writing Linear Equations Cumulative Practice

Graphing and Writing Linear Equations STEAM Video/Performance Task

STEAM Video

“Hurricane
A hurricane is a storm with violent winds. How can you prepare your home for a hurricane?
Watch the STEAM Video “Hurricane!” Then answer the following questions.

1. Robert says that the closer you are to the eye of a hurricane, the stronger the winds become. The wind speed on an island is 50 miles per hour when the eye of a hurricane is 140 miles away.
a. Describe the wind speed on the island when the eye of the hurricane is 100 miles away.
b. Describe the distance of the island from the eye of the hurricane when the wind speed on the island is 25 miles per hour.
c. Sketch a line that could represent the wind speed y (in miles per hour) on the island when the eye of x the hurricane is miles away from the island. Wind speed
2. A storm dissipates as it travels over land. What does this mean?

Performance Task

Anatomy of a Hurricane
After completing this chapter, you will be able to use the concepts you learned to answer the questions in the STEAM Video Performance Task. You will be given information about the atmospheric pressure inside a hurricane.

You will be asked to use a model to find the strength of a hurricane after x hours of monitoring. Why is it helpful to predict how strong the winds of a hurricane will become?

Graphing and Writing Linear Equations Getting Ready for Chapter 4

Chapter Exploration
1. Work with a partner.
a. Use the equation y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 1 to complete the table. (Choose any two x-values and find the y-values.)
b. Write the two ordered pairs given by the table. These are called solutions of the equation.

c. PRECISION Plot the two solutions. Draw a line exactly through the points.
d. Find a different point on the line. Check that this point is a solution of the equation y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 1.
e. LOGIC Do you think it is true that any point on the line is a solution of the equation y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 1? Explain.
f. Choose five additional x-values for the table below. (Choose both positive and negative x-values.) Plot the five corresponding solutions. Does each point lie on the line?

g. LOGIC Do you think it is true that any solution of the equation y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 1 is a point on the line? Explain.
h. Why do you think y = ax + b is called a linear equation?

Vocabulary
The following vocabulary terms are defined in this chapter. Think about what each term might mean and record your thoughts.
linear equation
slope
y-intercept
solution of a linear equation
x-intercept

Lesson 4.1 Graphing Linear Equations

EXPLORATION 1

Creating Graphs
Work with a partner. It starts snowing at midnight in Town A and Town B. The snow falls at a rate of 1.5 inche sper hour.
a. In Town A, there is no snow on the ground at midnight. How deep is the snow at each hour between midnight and 6 A.M.? Make a graph that represents this situation.

b. Repeat part(a) for TownB, which has 4 inches of snow on the ground at midnight.
c. The equations below represent the depth y(in inches) of snow x hours after midnight in Town C and Town D. Graph each equation.
Town C y = 2x + 3
Town D y = 8

d. Use your graphs to compare the snowfall in each town.
Answer:

Try It

Graph the linear equation.
Question 1.
y = 3x
Answer:
Make to table of values
Replace x with a number and find the value of y

Plot the values of x and y obtained above, on the graph

Draw the line through the points

Question 2.
y = – 2x – 1
Answer:

Plot the values of x and y

Now the line through the points

Question 3.
y = –\(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 2
Answer:

Plot the ordered pairs

Graph the linear equation.
Question 4.
y = 3
Answer:
The graph of y = 3 is a horizontal like passing through (0, 3)
Draw a horizontal line through this point.

Question 5.
y = – 1.5
Answer:
The graph of y = -1.5 is a horizontal line passing through (0, -1.5)
Draw a horizontal line through this point.

Question 6.
x = – 4
Answer:
The graph of x = – 4 is a vertical line passing through (-4, 0)
Draw a vertical line through this point.

Question 7.
x = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Answer:
The graph of x = \(\frac{1}{2}\) is a vertical line passing through (\(\frac{1}{2}\), 0)
Draw a vertical line through this point.

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

GRAPHING A LINEAR EQUATION Graph the linear equation.
Question 8.
y = – x + 1
Answer:
Make of a table of values
Replace x with a number and find the value of y

Plot the values of x and y obtained, on the graph,

Question 9.
y = 0.8x – 2
Answer:
Replace x with a number and find the value of y

Question 10.
x = 2.5
Answer:
The graph of x = 2.5 is a vertical line passing through (2.5, 0)
Draw a vertical line through this point.

Question 11.
y = \(\frac{2}{3}\)
Answer:
The graph of y = \(\frac{2}{3}\) is a horizontal line passing through (0, \(\frac{2}{3}\))
Draw a horizontal line through this point.

Question 12.
WHICH ONE DOESN’T BELONG?
Which equation does not belong with the other three? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
y = x – 2
4x + 3 = y
y = x² + 6
x + 5 = y

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving
Solve each exercise. The rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 13.
A game show contestant earns y dollars for completing a puzzle in x minutes. This situation is represented by the equation y = – 250x + 5000. How long did a contestant who earned $500 take to complete the puzzle? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Given,
A game show contestant earns y dollars for completing a puzzle in x minutes.
This situation is represented by the equation y = – 250x + 5000.
y = -250x + 5000
500 = -250x + 5000
500 – 5000 = -250x + 5000 – 5000
-4500 = -250x
x = 18

Question 14.
The total cost y (in dollars) to join a cheerleading team and attend x competitions is represented by the equation y = 10x + 50.

a. Graph the linear equation.

Answer:

b. You have $75 to spend. How many competitions can you attend?
Answer:
75 ≤ 10x + 50
75 – 50 ≤ 10x
25 ≤ 10x
2.5 ≥ x
By this I can say that I can attend 2 competitions if I have $75 to spend.

Question 15.
The seating capacity for a banquet hall is represented by y = 8x + 56, where x is the number of extra tables you need. How many extra tables do you need to double the original seating capacity?
Answer:
Given,
The seating capacity for a banquet hall is represented by y = 8x + 56, where x is the number of extra tables you need.
y = 8x + 56
2 × 56 = 8x + 56
112 = 8x + 56
8x = 112 – 56
8x = 56
x = 7 tables

Graphing Linear Equations Homework & Practice 4.1

Review & Refresh

Tell whether the triangles are similar. Explain.
Question 1.

Answer:
x° + 46° + 95° = 180°
x° + 141° = 180°
x° = 180° – 141°
x° = 39°
Thus the angles of the triangle are 39°, 46°, 95°
y° + 39° + 46° = 180°
y° + 75° = 180°
y° = 180° – 75°
y° = 95°
Three angles of the triangle are 39°, 46°, 95°
The triangles have two pairs of congruent angles.

Question 2.

Answer:
x° + 40° + 51° = 180°
x° + 91° = 180°
x° = 180° – 91°
x° = 89°
Three angles of the triangle are 40°, 51°, 89°
y° + 40° + 79° = 180°
y° + 119° = 180°
y° = 180° – 119°
y° = 61°

Describe the translation of the point to its image.
Question 3.
(1, – 4) → (3, 0)
Answer:
A(1, -4) = A'(1 + 2, -4) = (3, -4)
A'(3, 4) = B(3, -4 + 4) = (3, 0)
Translate 2 units right and 4 units up.

Question 4.
(6, 4) → (- 4, – 6)
Answer:
We are given the points
(6, 4) → (- 4, – 6)
A(6, 4) = A'(6 – 10, 4) = (-4, 4)
A'(-4, -4) = B(-4, 4 – 10) = (-4, -6)

Question 5.
(4, – 2) → (- 9, 3)
Answer:
We are given the points
A(4, -2)
B(-9, 3)
A(4, -2) = A'(4 – 13, -2) = (-9, -2)
A'(-9, -2) = B(-9, -2 + 4) = (-9, 3)

Concepts, Skills, & Problem Solving

CREATING GRAPHS Make a graph of the situation. (See Exploration 1, p. 141.)
Question 6.
The equation y = – 2x + 8 represents the amount (in fluid ounces) of dish detergent in a bottle after x days of use.
Answer:

Question 7.
The equation y = 15x + 20 represents the cost (in dollars) of a gym membership after x months.
Answer:

PRECISION Copy and complete the table with two solutions. Plot the ordered pairs and draw the graph of the linear equation. Use the graph to find a third solution of the equation.
Question 8.

Answer:

(x, y) = (2, 5)

Question 9.

Answer:

(x, y) = (3, 3)

GRAPHING A LINEAR EQUATION Graph the linear equation.
Question 10.
y = – 5x
Answer:

Question 11.
y = 9x
Answer:

Question 12.
y = 5
Answer:
The graph of y = 5 is a horizontal line passing through (0, 5)
Draw a horizontal line through this point.

Question 13.
x = – 6
Answer:

Question 14.
y = x – 3
Answer:

Question 15.
y = – 7x – 1
Answer:

Question 16.
y = – \(\frac{x}{8}\) + 4
Answer:

Question 17.
y = 0.75x – 0.5
Answer:

Question 18.
y = – \(\frac{2}{3}\)
Answer:

Question 19.
y = 6.75
Answer:

Question 20.
x = – 0.5
Answer:
The graph of x = -0.5 is a vertical line passing through (-0.5, 0)
Draw a vertical line through this point.

Question 21.
x = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
Answer:
The graph of x = \(\frac{1}{4}\) is a vertical line passing through (\(\frac{1}{4}\), 0)
Draw a vertical line through this point.

Question 22.
YOU BE THE TEACHER
Your friend graphs the equation y = 4. Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:

No my friend is not correct because the graph for the equation y = 4 is a  horizontal line not a vertical line, and it passes through the point (0, 4) not (4, 0)

Question 23.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The equation y = 20 represents the cost y (in dollars) for sending x text messages in a month. Graph the linear equation. What does the graph tell you about your texting plan?

Answer:

Question 24.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The equation y = 2x + 3 represents the cost y (in dollars) of mailing a package that weighs x pounds.

a. Use a graph to estimate how much it costs to mail the package.
b. Use the equation to find exactly how much it costs to mail the package.
Answer:
Given the equation y = 2x + 3
The ordered pairs will be (0, 3), (2,7), (4, 11)
Now plot the ordered pairs

y = 2(1.126) + 3
= 5.252 ≈ 5.25

SOLVING A LINEAR EQUATION Solve for y. Then graph the linear equation.
Question 25.
y – 3x = 1
Answer:
y – 3x = 1
y = 3x + 1

Draw a line through the points

Question 26.
5x + 2y = 4
Answer:
5x + 2y = 4
2y = 4 – 5x
y = – \(\frac{5}{2}\)x + 2

Question 27.
– \(\frac{1}{3}\)y + 4x = 3
Answer:
– \(\frac{1}{3}\)y + 4x = 3
– \(\frac{1}{3}\)y = 3 – 4x
y = 12x – 9

Question 28.
x + 0.5y = 1.5
Answer:
x + 0.5y = 1.5
0.5y = -x + 1.5
y = -2x + 3

Question 29.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The depth y (in inches) of a lake after x years is represented by the equation y = 0.2x + 42. How much does the depth of the lake increase in four years? Use a graph to justify your answer.

Answer:
y = 0.2x + 42
Depth of the lake now: y = 0.2(0) + 42 = 42
Depth of the lake after 4 years: y = 0.2(4) + 42 = 42.8

42.8 – 42 = 0.8 inches

Question 30.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The amount y (in dollars) of money in your savings account after x months is represented by the equation y = 12.5x + 100.
a. Graph the linear equation.

Answer:

b. How many months will it take you to save a total of $237.50?
Answer:
y = 12.5x + 100
237.5 = x + 100
237.5 – 100 = 12.5x + 100 – 100
12.5x = 137.5
x = 11

Question 31.
PROBLEM SOLVING
The radius y (in millimeters) of a chemical spill after x days is represented by the equation y = 6x + 50.

a. Graph the linear equation.

Answer:

b. The leak is noticed after two weeks. What is the area of the leak when it is noticed? Justify your answer.
Answer:
y = 6(14) + 50
y = 84 + 50
y = 134 mm
2πr = 2π = 841.95 sq. mm

Question 32.
GEOMETRY
The sum S of the interior angle measures of a polygon with n sides is S = (n – 2) • 180°.
a. Plot four points (n, S) that satisfy the equation. Is the equation a linear equation? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:

b. Does the value n = 3.5 make sense in the context of the problem? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:
The value n = 3.5 does not make sense because the number of angles cannot be other than integer greater or equal to 2.

Question 33.
DIG DEEPER!
One second of video on your cell phone uses the same amount of memory as two pictures. Your cell phone can store 2500 pictures.
a. Create a graph that represents the number y of pictures your cell phone can store when you take x seconds of video.

Answer:

b. How many pictures can your cell phone store in addition to a video that is one minute and thirty seconds long?
Answer:
Determine the number of pictures you can store in addition to a video of 1 min 30 seconds.
1 min 30 seconds = (60 + 90) 3 seconds = 90 seconds
2500 – (2 . 90)
2500 – 180 = 2320 pictures

Lesson 4.2 Slope of a Line

EXPLORATION 1

Measuring the Steepness of a Line
Work with a partner. Draw any nonvertical line in a coordinate plane.
a. Develop a way to measure the steepness of the line. Compare your method with other pairs.
b. Draw a line that is parallel to your line. What can you determine about the steepness of each line? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:

EXPLORATION 2

Using Right Triangles
Work with a partner. Use the figure shown.

a. △ABC is a right triangle formed by drawing a horizontal line segment from point A and a vertical line segment from point B. Use this method to draw another right triangle, △DEF, with its longest side on the line
b. What can you conclude about the two triangles in part(a)? Justify your conclusion. Compare your results with other pairs.
c. Based on your conclusions in part(b), what is true about \(\frac{BC}{AC}\) and the corresponding measure in △DEF? Explain your reasoning. What do these values tell you about the line?
Answer:

Try It

Find the slope of the line.
Question 1.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-2, 3)
(x2, y2) = (3, 2)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (2 -3)/(3 – (-2))
m = -1/5
Thus slope = -1/5

Question 2.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-4, -1)
(x2, y2) = (2, 1)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (1 – (-1))/(2 – (-4))
m = 2/6
Thus slope = 1/3

Find the slope of the line through the given points.
Question 3.
(1, -2), (7, -2)
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (1, -2)
(x2, y2) = (7, -2)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-2 – (-2))/(7 – 1)
m = 0/6
Thus slope = 0

Question 4.
(-3, -3), (-3, -5)
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-3, -3)
(x2, y2) = (-3, -5)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-5 + 3)/(-3 + 3)
m = -2/0
Thus slope = undefined

Question 5.
WHAT IF
The blue line passes through (-4, -3) and (-3, 2). Are any of the lines parallel? Explain.
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-4, -3)
(x2, y2) = (-3, 2)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (2 + 3)/(-3 + 4)
m = 5/1
m = 5
The slpe of the blue line is 5 and the slope of the red line is also 5.
The blue lines and red lines have same slopes so they are parallel.

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 6.
VOCABULARY
What does it mean for a line to have a slope of 4?
Answer:
If a line have a slope of 4 it means that the line rises 4 units for every 1 units it runs.

FINDING THE SLOPE OF A LINE Find the slope of the line through the given points.
Question 7.
(1, -1), (6, 2)
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (1, -1)
(x2, y2) = (6, 2)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (2 – (-1))/(6 – 1)
m = 3/5

Question 8.
(2, -3), (5, -3)
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (2, -3)
(x2, y2) = (5, -3)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (5 – 2)/(-3 + 3)
m = 3/0
m = undefined

Question 9.
FINDING SLOPE
Are the lines parallel? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
Red line:
(x1, y1) = (-1, 0)
(x2, y2) = (1, -2)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-2 – 0)/1 – (-1))
m = -2/2
m = -1
Blue Line:
(x1, y1) = (-1, 3)
(x2, y2) = (1, -1)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-1 – 3)/(1 – (-1))
m = -4/2
m = -2
The slope of the blue line and red line are not the same. So they are not parallel.

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 10.
The table shows the lengths (in inches) of your hair months after your last haircut. The points in the table lie on a line. Find and interpret the slope of the line. After how many months is your hair 4 inches long?

Answer:
Determine the slope of the line using two points from the table:
(2, 1), (4, 2)
m = (2 – 1)/4 – 2
m = 1/2
m = 0.5
This means that each month the hair grows 0.5 inches
As the hair grows 0.5 inches/ month, it will be 4 inches long after 4/0.5 = 8 months.

Question 11.
A customer pays an initial fee and a daily fee to rent a snowmobile. The total payment for 3 days is 92 dollars. The total payment for 5 days is 120 dollars. What is the daily fee? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Given,
A customer pays an initial fee and a daily fee to rent a snowmobile.
The total payment for 3 days is 92 dollars. The total payment for 5 days is 120 dollars.
m = (120 – 92)/5 – 3
m = 28/2
m = 14

Question 12.
You in-line skate from an elevation of 720 feet to an elevation of 750 feet in 30 minutes. Your friend in-line skates from an elevation of 600 feet to an elevation of 690 feet in one hour. Compare your rates of change in elevation.

Answer:
Given,
You in-line skate from an elevation of 720 feet to an elevation of 750 feet in 30 minutes.
Your friend in-line skates from an elevation of 600 feet to an elevation of 690 feet in one hour.
(750 – 720)/30 = 30/30 = 1 ft/min
(690 – 600)/60 = 90/60 = 1.5 ft/min

Slope of a Line Homework & Practice 4.2

Review & Refresh

Graph the linear equation.
Question 1.
y = 4x – 3
Answer:

Question 2.
x = -3
Answer:

Question 3.
y = 2
Answer:

Question 4.
y = \(\frac{3}{2}\)x – \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Answer:

Find the missing values in the ratio table.
Question 5.

Answer:

x/10 = 1/3
x = 10/3
x = 3.33
1/3 = 5/y
y = 5 × 3
y = 15
1/3 = 7/z
z = 3 × 7
z = 21

Question 6.

Answer:

Concepts, Skills, &Problem Solving

USING RIGHT TRIANGLES Use the figure shown (See Exploration 2, p. 147.)

Question 7.
Find the slope of the line.
Answer:
(x1, y1) = B(-4, 2)
(x2, y2) = A(-2, 1)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (1 – 2)/(-2 – (-4))
m = -1/2
Thus the slope m = -1/2

Question 8.
Let point D be at (-4, 1). Use the sides of △BDA to find the slope of the line.
Answer:

m = -BD/DA = -1/2

FINDING THE SLOPE OF A LINE Find the slope of the line.
Question 9.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-2, 0)
(x2, y2) = (2, 3)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (3 – 0)/(2 – (-2))
m = 3/4

Question 10.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-2, 5)
(x2, y2) = (2, 0)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (0 – 5)/(2 – (-2))
m = -5/4

Question 11.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-4, 1)
(x2, y2) = (1, -2)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-2 – 1)/(1 + 2)
m = -3/5

Question 12.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-5, -4)
(x2, y2) = (1, -3)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-3 – (-4))/(1 – (-5))
m = 1/6

Question 13.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-1, 3)
(x2, y2) = (3, 3)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (3 – 3)/(3 – (-1))
m = 0/4
m = 0

Question 14.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (1, 3)
(x2, y2) = (1, -2)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-2 – 3)/(1 – 1)
m = -5/0
m = undefined

FINDING THE SLOPE OF A LINE Find the slope of the line through the given points.
Question 15.
(4, -1), (-2, -1)
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (4, -1)
(x2, y2) = (-2, -1)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-1 – (-1))/(-2 – 4)
m = 0/-6
m = 0

Question 16.
(5, -3), (5, 8)
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (5, -3)
(x2, y2) = (5, 8)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (8 – 3)/(5 – 5)
m = 5/0
m = undefined

Question 17.
(-7, 0), (-7, -6)
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-7, 0)
(x2, y2) = (-7, -6)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-6 – 0)/(-7 – (-7))
m = -6/0
m = undefined

Question 18.
(-3, 1), (-1, 5)
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-3, 1)
(x2, y2) = (-1, 5)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (5 – 1)/(-1 + 3)
m = 4/2
m = 2

Question 19.
(10, 4), (4, 15)
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (10, 4)
(x2, y2) = (4, 15)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (15 – 4)/(4 – 10)
m = 11/-6
m = -11/6

Question 20.
(-3, 6), (2, 6)
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-3, 6)
(x2, y2) = (2, 6)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (6 – 6)/(2 – (-3))
m = 0/5
m = 0

Question 21.
REASONING
Draw a line through each point using slope of m = \(\frac{1}{4}\). Do the lines intersect? Explain.

Answer:

The 2 lines are parallel because they have the same slope and they do not intersect.

Question 22.
YOU BE THE TEACHER
Your friend finds the slope of the line shown. Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:

No my friend is not correct because the denominator should be 2 – 4
(x1, y1) = (2, 3)
(x2, y2) = (4, 1)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (1 – 3)/(4 – 2)
m = -2/2
m = -1

IDENTIFYING PARALLEL LINES Which lines are parallel? How do you know?
Question 23.

Answer:
Blue line:
(x1, y1) = (-5, 2)
(x2, y2) = (-4, -1)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-1 – 2)/(-4 – (-5))
m = -3/1
m = -3
Red line:
(x1, y1) = (-2, 1)
(x2, y2) = (-1, -2)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-2 – 1)/(-1 – (-2))
m = -3/1
m = -3
Green Line:
(x1, y1) = (1, 3)
(x2, y2) = (2, -1)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-1 – 3)/(2 – 1)
m = -4/1
m = -4
Blue line and red line have slope of -3, so they are parallel.

Question 24.

Answer:
Blue line:
(x1, y1) = (-2, 3)
(x2, y2) = (-5, -2)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-2 – 3)/(-5 – (-2))
m = -5/-3
m = 5/3
Red line:
(x1, y1) = (1, 2)
(x2, y2) = (-2, -2)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-2 – 2)/(-2 – 1)
m = -4/-3
m = 4/3
Green Line:
(x1, y1) = (4, 1)
(x2, y2) = (1, -3)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-3 – 1)/(1 – 4)
m = -4/-3
m = 4/3
Red line and green line have slope of 4/3 by this we can say that they are parallel.

IDENTIFYING PARALLEL LINES Are the given lines parallel? Explain your reasoning.
Question 25.
y = -5, y = 3
Answer:

Both lines are horizontal and have slope = 0

Question 26.
y = 0, x = 0
Answer:

The line y = 0 have slope = 0 and are horizontal lines.
The line x = 0 have slope = undefined and are vertical lines.
So, they are not parallel.

Question 27.
x = -4, x = 1
Answer:

Both lines are vertical and have an undefined slope.

FINDING SLOPE The points in the table lie on a line. Find the slope of the line.
Question 28.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (10 – 2)/(3 – 1) = (18 – 10)/(5 – 3) = (26 – 18)/(7 – 5)
m = 8/2 = 8/2 = 8/2
m = 4 = 4 = 4
Slope = 4

Question 9.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (2 – 0)/(2 – (-3)) = (4 – 2)/(7 – 2) = (6 – 4)/(12 – 7)
m = 2/5 = 2/5 = 2/5
m = 2/5

Question 30.
MODELING REAL LIFE
Carpenters refer to the slope of a roof as the pitch of the roof. Find the pitch of the roof.

Answer:
Pitch of the roof = rise/run
= 4/12 = 1/3

Question 31.
PROJECT
The guidelines for a wheelchair ramp suggest that the ratio of the rise to the run be no greater than 1 : 12.

a. CHOOSE TOOLS Find a wheelchair ramp in your school or neighborhood. Measure its slope. Does the ramp follow the guidelines?

Answer:
rise/run < 1/12
m = 0.06
1/12 = 0.0833
0.06 < 0.0833
As m < 1/12 the wheelchair ramp follows the guides.

b. Design a wheelchair ramp that provides access to a building with a front door that is 2.5 feet above the sidewalk. Illustrate your design.
Answer:
AC/AB = 1/12
2.5/AB = 1/12
AB = 2.5 × 12
AB = 30
So the end of the ramp should be placed at least 30 feet from the front door.

USING AN EQUATION Use an equation to find the value of k so that the line that passes through the given points has the given slope.
Question 32.
(1, 3), (5, k); m = 2
Answer:
A(1, 3)
B(5, k)
m = 2
2 = (k – 3)/(5 – 1)
2 × 4 = k – 3
8 = k – 3
k = 8 + 3
k = 11

Question 33.
(-2, k), (2, 0); m = -1
Answer:
Given,
A(-2, k)
B(2, 0)
m = -1
-1 = (0 – k)/2 – (-2)
-1 = -k/4
-4 = -k
k = 4

Question 34.
(-4, k), (6, -7); m = –\(\frac{1}{5}\)
Answer:
Given,
A(-4, k)
B(6, -7)
m = –\(\frac{1}{5}\)
–\(\frac{1}{5}\) = (-7 – k)/6 – (-4)
-2 = -7 – k
-2 + 7 = -k
5 = -k
k = -5

Question 35.
(4, -4), (k, -1); m = \(\frac{3}{4}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{3}{4}\) = (-1 – (-4))/(k – 4)
4 = k – 4
k = 4 + 4
k = 8

Question 36.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The graph shows the numbers of prescriptions filled over time by a pharmacy.

a. Find the slope of the line.
Answer:
(0, 0), (20, 5)
m = (5 – 0)/(20 – 0)
m = 5/20
m = 1/4
b. Explain the meaning of the slope as a rate of change.
Answer:
This means that every 4 minutes a prescription is filled.

Question 37.
CRITICAL THINKING
Which is steeper: the boatramp, or a road with a 12% grade? Note: Explain. (Road grade is the vertical increase divided by the horizontal distance.)

Answer:
Mramp = rise/run = 6/36 = 1/6
Mroad = 12% = 12/100 = 0.12
0.16 = 0.166… > 0.12
Mramp > Mroad
Therefore the slope of the ramp is steeper than the slope of the road.

Question 38.
REASONING
Do the points A(-2, -1), B(1, 5), and C(4, 11) lie on the same line? Without using a graph, how do you know?
Answer:
Given,
A(-2, -1), B(1, 5), and C(4, 11)
mAB = (5 – (-1))/(1 – (-2)) = 6/3 = 2
mBC = (11 – 5)/(4 – 1) = 6/3 = 2
By seeing the slopes we can say that the points A, B, C lie on the same line.

Question 39.
PROBLEM SOLVING
A small business earns a profit of $6500 in January and $17,500 in May. What is the rate of change in profit for this time period? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Pjan = 6500
Pmay = 17,500
Pmay – Pjan/5 – 1
= (17,500 – 6500)/4
= 11,000/4 = 2750

Question 40.
STRUCTURE
Choose two points in the coordinate plane. Use the slope formula to find the slope of the line that passes through the two points. Then find the slope using the formula \(\frac{y_{1}-y_{2}}{x_{1}-x_{2}}\). Compare your results.
Answer:
P1(2, 5)
P2(3, 10)
m1 = (10 – 5)/(3 – 2) = 5/1 = 5
m2 = (5 – 10)/(1 – 3) = -5/-1 = 5
m1 = m2

Question 41.
DIG DEEPER!
The top and the bottom of the slide are level with the ground, which has a slope of 0.

a. What is the slope of the main portion of the slide?
b. Describe the change in the slope when the bottom of the slide is only 12 inches above the ground. Explain your reasoning.
Answer:
18 inches = 1.5 feet
mMC = rise/run = (8 – 1.5)/(12 – 1 – 1) = 6.5/10 = 0.65
AD = 1
mMC = CR/MR
= (8 – 1)/(12 – 1 – 1) = 7/10 = 0.7
The slope increases from 0.65 to 0.70 because the rise increasses, while the run stays the same.

Lesson 4.3 Graphing Proportional Relationships

EXPLORATION 1

Using a Ratio Table to Find Slope
Work with a partner. The graph shows amounts of vinegar and water that can be used to make a cleaning product.
a. Use the graph to make a ratio table relating the quantities. Explain how the slope of the line is represented in the table.

b. Make a ratio table that represents a different ratio of vinegar to water. Use the table to describe the slope of the graph of the new relationship.
Answer:

EXPLORATION 2

Deriving an Equation
Work with a partner. Let (x, y) represent any point on the graph of a proportional relationship.

a. Describe the relationship between the corresponding side lengths of the triangles shown in the graph. Explain your reasoning.
b. Use the relationship in part(a) to write an equation relating y, m, and x. Then solve the equation for y. How can you find the side lengths of the triangles in the graph?
c. What does your equation in part(b) describe? What does represent? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:

Try It

Question 1.
WHAT IF
The cost of frozen yogurt is represented by y = 0.75x. Graph the equation and interpret the slope.
Answer:
The equation shows that the slope m is 0.75. So the graph passes through the points (0, 0) and (1, 0.75).
Plot the ordered pairs and draw the graph.

The slope indicates that the unit cost is $0.75 per ounce.

Question 2.
How much would a spacecraft that weighs 3500 kilograms on Earth weigh on Titan?
Answer:
y = 1/7 x
y = 1/7 × 3500
y = 500 kg
So a spacecraft would weigh 500 kg on Titan.

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

GRAPHING A PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIP Graph the equation.
Question 3.
y = 4x
Answer:

Question 4.
y = -3x
Answer:

Question 5.
y = 8x
Answer:

Question 6.
WRITING AND USING AN EQUATION
The number of objects a x machine produces is proportional to the time (in minutes) that the machine runs. The machine produces five objects in four minutes.
a. Write an equation that represents the situation.

Answer:
As 5 objects are produced in 4 minutes, the slope of the line is m = 5/4.
The equation that represents the situation is
y = 5/4 x
y = 1.25 x

b. Graph the equation in part (a) and interpret the slope.

Answer:
Use the slope. The equation shows that the slope m is 1.25. So the graph passes through the points (0, 0) and (1, 1.25)

c. How many objects does the machine produce in one hour?
Answer:

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 7.
The amount y (in liters) of water that flows over a natural waterfall in x seconds is represented by the equation y = 500x. The graph shows the number of liters of water that flow over an artificial waterfall. Which waterfall has a greater flow? Justify your answer.

Answer:
Given the equation y = 500x
15000 – 3000 = 12000
12000/4 = 3000
Mnatural = 500
3000 > 500
Therefore the artificial waterfall has greater flow.

Question 8.
The speed of sound in air is 343 meters per second. You see lightning and hear thunder 12 seconds later.
a. Is there a proportional relationship between the amount of time that passes and your distance from a lightning strike? Explain.

Answer:
y = kx
where k is the speed of sound, x the time and y the distance.
Yes, there is a proportional relationship between the amount of time that passes and your distance from the lightning strike as the further you are, the more time will pass until the sound reaches you.

b. Estimate your distance from the lightning strike.
Answer:
y = 343 × 12
= 4116 meters

Graphing Proportional Relationships Homework & Practice 4.3

Review & Refresh

Find the slope of the line.
Question 1.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (0, -3)
(x2, y2) = (3, 0)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (0 – (-3))/(3 – 0)
m = (0 + 3)/(3 – 0)
m = 3/3
m = 1

Question 2.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (0, 1)
(x2, y2) = (3, -5)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-5 – 1)/(3 – 0)
m = -6/3
m = -2

Question 3.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (0, 0)
(x2, y2) = (2, 8)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (8 – 0)/(2 – 0)
m = 8/2
m = 4

Solve the equation. Check your solution.
Question 4.
2x + 3x = 10
Answer:
Given the equation
2x + 3x = 10
5x = 10
x = 10/5
x = 2

Question 5.
x + \(\frac{1}{6}\) = 4 – 2x
Answer:
Given the equation
x + \(\frac{1}{6}\) = 4 – 2x
x + 2x = 4 – \(\frac{1}{6}\)
3x = 4 – \(\frac{1}{6}\)
3x = \(\frac{23}{6}\)
x = \(\frac{23}{18}\)

Question 6.
2(1 – x) = 11
Answer:
2(1 – x) = 11
2 – 2x = 11
2 – 11 = 2x
2x = -9
x = -9/2

Concepts, Skills, & Problem Solving

USING EQUIVALENT RATIOS The graph shows amounts of water and flour that can be used to make dough. (See Exploration 1, p. 155.)

Question 7.
Use the graph to make a ratio table relating the quantities. Explain how the slope of the line is represented in the table.
Answer:

m = rise/run
= (10 – 5)/(6 – 3)
= 5/3
That means to every 5 cups of flour there is an increase of 3 cups of water.
The slope m is 5/3.

Question 8.
Make a ratio table that represents a different ratio of flour to water. Use the table to describe the slope of the graph of the new relationship.
Answer:

From the table we find that for every increase of 7 cups of flour there is an increase of 4 cups of water.
The slope is 7/4.

Question 9.
GRAPHING AN EQUATION
The amount y(in dollars) that you raise by selling fundraiser tickets is represented by the equation y = 5x. Graph the equation and interpret the slope.
Answer:

The slope indicates that the unit cost is $5 per ticket.

IDENTIFYING PROPORTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS Tell whether and are in a proportional relationship. Explain your reasoning. If so, write an equation that represents the relationship.
Question 10.

Answer:
The graph doesn’t represent a proportional relationship because it doesn’t pass through the point (0, 0).

Question 11.

Answer:
The graph represents a proportional relationship because it is linear and passes through the point (0, 0)
(0, 0), (2, 8)
m = (8 – 0)/(2 – 0)
m = 8/2
m = 4
The equation is y = 4x

Question 12.

Answer:
(2 – 1)/(6 – 3) = 1/3
(3 – 2)/(9 – 6) = 1/3
(4 – 3)/(12 – 9) = 1/3
As the rate of change is constant, it means that the graph is a line.
(1 – y)/(3 – 0) = 1/3
(1 – y)/3 = 1/3
1 – y = 1
y = 1 – 1
y = 0
Therefore the point (0, 0) belomgs to the graph.
So the table represents a proportional relationship
y = 1/3 x

Question 13.

Answer:
(8 – 4)/(5 – 2) = 4/3
(13 – 8)/(8 – 5) = 5/3
(23 – 13)/10 – 8 = 10/2 = 5

Question 14.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The cost y (in dollars) to rent a kayak is proportional to the number x of hours that you rent the kayak. It costs $27 to rent the kayak for 3 hours.

a. Write an equation that represents the situation.
b. Interpret the slope of the graph of the equation.
c. How much does it cost to rent the kayak for 5 hours? Justify your answer.
Answer:
y = kx
27 = k × 3
k = 27/3
k = 9
The equation is k = 9x
b. The slope k = 3 shows that the cost of renting the kayak per hour is $9.
c. y = 9 × 5
y = 45

Question 15.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The distance y (in miles) that a truck travels on x gallons of gasoline is represented by the equation y = 18x. The graph shows the distance that a car travels.

a. Which vehicle gets better gas mileage? Explain how you found your answer.

Answer:
y = 18x
(0, 0), (2, 50)
m = (50 – 0)/(2 – 0)
m = 50/2
m = 25
25 > 18
Therefore the car has better mileage.

b. How much farther can the vehicle you chose in part(a) travel on 8 gallons of gasoline?
Answer:
y = 25 × 8 – 18 × 8
= 200 – 144
= 56 miles

Question 16.
PROBLEM SOLVING
Toenails grow about 13 millimeters per year. The table shows fingernail growth.

a. Do fingernails or toenails grow faster? Explain.

Answer:
y = 0.25x
m = (1.4 – 0.7)/(2 – 1)
m = 0.7
y = 0.7x
Because 0.7 > 0.25, the fingernails grow faster.

b. In the same coordinate plane, graph equations that represent the growth rates of toenails and fingernails. Compare and interpret the steepness of each graph.
Answer:

Question 17.
REASONING
The quantities and are in a proportional relationship. What do you know about the ratio of y to x for any point (x, y) on the graph of x and y?
Answer:
y = kx
where k is constant
y/x = k
This means the ratio of y to x is constant.

Question 18.
DIG DEEPER!
The graph relates the temperature change y (in degrees Fahrenheit) to the altitude change x (in thousands of feet).

a. Is the relationship proportional? Explain.

Answer: The relationship is proportional because the graph is linear and passes through the origin.

b. Write an equation of the line. Interpret the slope.

Answer:
(0,0), (10, -35)
m = (-35 – 0)/(10 – 0)
= -35/10
= -3.5
y = -3.5x

c. You are at the bottom of a mountain where the temperature is 74°F. The top of the mountain is 5500 feet above you. What is the temperature at the top of the mountain? Justify your answer.
Answer:
x = 5.5 – 0 = 5.5 thousand feet
y = -3.5x = -3.5(5.5) = -19.25
74 – 19.25 = 54.75°F

Question 19.
CRITICAL THINKING
Consider the distance equation d = rt, where d is the distance (in feet), r is the rate (in feet per second), and t is the time (in seconds). You run for 50 seconds. Are the distance you run and the rate you run at proportional? Use a graph to justify your answer.
Answer:
d = rt
d = 50r
Having the form y = kx the equation represents a proportional relationship.

Lesson 4.4 Graphing Linear Equations in Slope-Intercept Form

EXPLORATION 1

Deriving an Equation
Work with a partner. In the previous section, you learned that the graph of a proportional relationship can be represented by the equation y = mx, where m is the constant of proportionality.

a. You translate the graph of a proportional relationship 3 units up as shown below. Let (x, y) represent any point on the graph. Make a conjecture about the equation of the line. Explain your reasoning.

b. Describe the relationship between the corresponding side lengths of the triangles. Explain your reasoning.
c. Use the relationship in part(b) to write an equation relating y, m, and x. Does your equation support your conjecture in part(a)? Explain.
d. You translate the graph of a proportional relationship b units up. Write an equation relating y, m, x, and b. Justify your answer.
Answer:

Try It

Find the slope and the y-intercept of the graph of the linear equation.
Question 1.
y = 3x – 7
Answer:
Given the equation
y = 3x – 7
Write the equation in slope – intercept form: y = mx + b
The slope of the line is m and the y – intercept of the line is b.
y = 3x – 7
Slope = 3 and y – intercept = -7

Question 2.
y – 1 = –\(\frac{2}{3}\)x
Answer:
Write the equation in slope – intercept form: y = mx + b
The slope of the line is m and the y – intercept of the line is b.
y – 1 = –\(\frac{2}{3}\)x
y = –\(\frac{2}{3}\)x + 1
Slope = –\(\frac{2}{3}\) and y – intercept = 1

Graph the linear equation. Identify the x-intercept.
Question 3.
y = x – 4
Answer:
y = x – 4
Comparing the above equation with slope – intercept equation.
slope = 1, y-intercept = -4
Ploy y – intercept and slope
slope = rise/run = 1/1
Plot the point that is 1 unit right and 1 unit up from (0, -4) = (1, -3)

Thus the intercept is 4.

Question 4.
y = –\(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 1
Answer:
y = –\(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 1
Comparing the above equation with slope – intercept equation.
Slope = –\(\frac{1}{2}\), y-intercept = 1
y-intercept = 1. So plot (0, 1)
Slope = rise/run = -1/2
Plot the point that is 2 units right and 1 unit down from (0, -4) = (2, 0)

So, the x-intercept is 2.

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 5.
IN YOUR OWN WORDS
Consider the graph of the equation y = mx + b.
a. How does changing the value of m affect the graph of the equation?

Answer:
The value of m is the slope of the graph. If the value of m changes it means the slope of the graph is changing, whether it will rise or fall from left or right is dependent on the value of m.

b. How does changing the value of b affect the graph of the equation?
Answer:
The value of b is the y-intercept of the graph. If the value of b changes it means it affects where the graph crosses the y – axis.

IDENTIFYING SLOPE AND y-INTERCEPT Find the slope and the y-intercept of the graph of the linear equation.
Question 6.
y = -x + 0.25
Answer:
y = mx + c
slope = -1 and y – intercept = 0.25

Question 7.
y – 2 = –\(\frac{3}{4}\)x
Answer:
Given the equation
y – 2 = –\(\frac{3}{4}\)x
y = –\(\frac{3}{4}\)x + 2
slope = –\(\frac{3}{4}\) and y – intercept = 2

GRAPHING A LINEAR EQUATION Graph the linear equation. Identify the x-intercept.
Question 8.
y = x – 7
Answer:

The line crosses the x-axis at (7, 0)
So, the x – intercept is 7.

Question 9.
y = 2x + 8
Answer:

The line crosses the x – axis at (-4, 0)
So, the x – intercept is -4.

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 10.
The height y (in feet) of a movable bridge after rising for seconds is represented by the equation y = 3x + 6. Graph the equation. Interpret the y-intercept and slope. How many seconds does it take the bridge to reach a height of 76 feet? Justify your answer.

Answer:
Given,
y = 3x + 6.
slope = 3, y – intercept = 16

The y – intercept is 16. So, the initial height of the bridge is 16 feet.
The slope is 3. So, the bridge rises 3 feet per second.
The bridge will reach a height of 76 feet in 20 seconds.

Question 11.
The number of perfume bottles in storage after x months is represented by the equation y = -20x + 460. Graph the equation. Interpret the y-intercept and the slope. In how many months will there be no perfume bottles left in storage? Justify your answer.

Answer:
Given the equation
y = -20x + 460
Slope = -20, y-intercept = 460

The y-intercept is 460. So, the initial number of perfume in the storage is 460.
The slope is -20. So, the number of perfume bottle decrease with 20 bottles per months.
There will be no perfume bottle left in the storage in 23 months.

Graphing Linear Equations in Slope-Intercept Form Homework & Practice 4.4

Review & Refresh

Tell whether x and y are in a proportional relationship. Explain your reasoning. If so, write an equation that represents the relationship.
Question 1.

Answer:
(8 – 6)/(2 – 1) = 2/1 = 2
(10 – 8)/(3 – 2) = 2/1 = 2
(12 – 10)/(4 – 3) = 2/1 = 2
The rate of change in the table is constant.
(6 – y)/(1 – 0) = 2
6 – y = 2
y = 6 – 2
y = 4
Therefore the graph does not pass through the origin.
So x and y are not proportional.

Question 2.

Answer:
(4 – 0)/(-8 – 0) = 4/-8 = -1/2 = -0.5
(2 – 4)/(-4 – (-8)) = -2/4 = -1/2 = -0.5
(-2 – 2)/(4 – (-4)) = -4/8 = -1/2 = -0.5
(-4 – (-2))/(8 – 4) = -2/4 = -1/2 = -0.5
As the rate of change is constant, x and y are in a proportional relationship.
y = -0.5x

Solve the equation for y.
Question 3.
x = 4y – 2
Answer:
Given the equation
x = 4y – 2
x – 2 = 4y
y = x/4 + 1/2

Question 4.
3y = -6x + 1
Answer:
Given the equation
3y = -6x + 1
y = -2x + 1/3

Question 5.
1 + y = –\(\frac{4}{5}\)x – 2
Answer:
Given the equation
1 + y = –\(\frac{4}{5}\)x – 2
y = –\(\frac{4}{5}\)x – 3

Question 6.
2.5y = 5x – 5
Answer:
Given the equation
2.5y = 5x – 5
y = 2x – 2

Question 7.
1.3y + 5.2 = -3.9x
Answer:
Given the equation
1.3y + 5.2 = -3.9x
1.3y = -3.9x – 5.2
y = -3x – 4

Question 8.
y – \(\frac{2}{3}\)x = -6
Answer:
Given the equation
y – \(\frac{2}{3}\)x = -6
y = \(\frac{2}{3}\)x -6

Concepts, Skills, &Problem Solving

GRAPHING A LINEAR EQUATION Graph the equation. (See Exploration 1, p. 161.)
Question 9.
The graph of y = 3.5x is translated up 2 units.
Answer:
Given the equation
y = 3.5x
The line obtained by translating the graph of the line y = 3.5x up 2 units has the same slope (3.5) and y – intercept 2 units greater, which means b = 0 + 2 = 2

Question 10.
The graph of y = -5x is translated down 3 units.
Answer:
y = -5x
The line obtained by translating the graph of the line y = -5x down 3 units has the same slope and the y – intercept 3 units smaller, which means b = 0 – 3 = -3

MATCHING EQUATIONS AND GRAPHS Match the equation with its graph. Identify the slope and the y-intercept.
Question 11.
y = 2x + 1
Answer:
Given the eqation
y = 2x + 1
slope = 2 and y – intercept = 1

Question 12.
y = \(\frac{1}{3}\)x – 2
Answer:
slope = 1/3 and y – intercept = -2

Question 13.
y = –\(\frac{2}{3}\)x + 1
Answer:

Answer:
Slope = -2/3 and y – intercept = 1
The graph which passes through the point (0, 1) and has a negative slope is the matching graph of the given equation.

IDENTIFYING SLOPES AND y-INTERCEPTS Find the slope and the y-intercept of the graph of the linear equation.
Question 14.
y = 4x – 5
Answer:
y = mx + b
slope = 4 and y — intercept = -5

Question 15.
y = -7x + 12
Answer:
y = -7x + 12
y = mx + b
slpoe = -7 and y – intercept = 12

Question 16.
y = –\(\frac{4}{5}\)x – 2
Answer:
y = mx + b
slope = -4/5
y – intercept = -2

Question 17.
y = 2.25x + 3
Answer:
y = mx + b
slope = 2.25 and y – intercept = 3

Question 18.
y + 1 = \(\frac{4}{3}\)x
Answer:
y = mx + b
y + 1 = \(\frac{4}{3}\)x
y = \(\frac{4}{3}\)x – 1
slope = \(\frac{4}{3}\), y – intercept = -1

Question 19.
y – 6 = \(\frac{3}{5}\)x
Answer:
y = mx + b
y – 6 = \(\frac{3}{5}\)x
y = \(\frac{3}{5}\)x + 6
slope = 3/8 and y – intercept = 6

Question 20.
y – 3.5 = -2x
Answer:
y = mx + b
y – 3.5 = -2x
y = -2x + 3.5
slope = -2 and y – intercept = 3.5

Question 21.
y = -5 – \(\frac{1}{2}\)x
Answer:
y = mx + b
y = -5 – \(\frac{1}{2}\)x
y =- \(\frac{1}{2}\)x – 5
slope = – \(\frac{1}{2}\) and y – intercept = -5

Question 22.
y = 11 + 1.5x
Answer:
y = mx + b
y = 1.5x + 11
slope = 1.5 and y – intercept = 11

Question 23.
YOU BE THE TEACHER
Your friend finds the slope and y-intercept of the graph of the equation y = 4x – 3. Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
y = 4x – 3
No my friend is not correct because the y – intercept is -3.

Question 24.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The number y of seasonal allergy shots available at a facility x days after receiving a shipment is represented by y = -15x + 375.
a. Graph the linear equation.
b. Interpret the slope and the y-intercept.
Answer:
y = -15x + 375
x = 0
y = -15(0) + 375 = 375
y = 0
0 = -15x + 375
15x = 375
x = 375/15
x = 25

The slope shows that the number of seasonal allergy shots decrease by 15 shots each day.
The y – intercept shows that the number of shots immediately after receiving a shipment is 375.

GRAPHING AN EQUATION Graph the linear equation. Identify the x-intercept.
Question 25.
y = x + 3
Answer:
Given the equation
y = x + 3
slope = 1 and y – intercept = 3
Slope = rise/run = 1/1
Plot the point that is 1 unit right and 1 unit up from (0, 3) = (1, 4)

So, the x – intercept is -3.

Question 26.
y = 4x – 8
Answer:
y = 4x – 8
Comparing the above equation with slope – intercept equation.
slope = 4 and y – intercept = -8
Slope = rise/run = 4/1 = 4
Plot the point that is 1 unit right and 4 unit up from (0, -8) = (1, -4)

Question 27.
y = -3x + 9
Answer:
y = -3x + 9
slope = -3 and y – intercept = 9
slope rise/run = -3/1 = -3

So, the intercept is 3.

Question 28.
y = -5x – 5
Answer:
y = -5x – 5
slope = -5 and y – intercept = -5
slope = rise/run = -5/1
Plot the point that is 1 unit right and 5 unit up from (0, -5) = (1, -10)

So, the x – intercept is -1.

Question 29.
y + 14 = -7x
Answer:
y + 14 = -7x
y = -7x – 14
slope = -7 and y – intercept = -14
Slope = rise/run = -7/1
Plot the point that is 1 unit right and 7 unit down from (0, -14) = (1, -21)

So, the x – intercept is -2.

Question 30.
y = 8 – 2x
Answer:
Given the equation
y = 8 – 2x
y = -2x + 8
slope = -2 and y – intercept = 8
slope = rise/run = -2/1
Plot the point 1 unit right and 2 units down from (0, 8) = (1, 6)

So, the x – intercept is 4.

Question 31.
PRECISION
You go to a harvest festival and pick apples.
a. Which equation represents the cost (in dollars) of going to the festival and picking x pounds of apples? Explain.

b. Graph the equation you chose in part(a).
Answer:
Picking a pound of apples costs $0.75, therefore x pounds cost 0.75 × x = 0.75x
y = 0.75x + 5

Question 32.
REASONING
Without graphing, identify the equations of the lines that are parallel. Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
The lines which area parallel are those having the same slope.
y = 2x + 4
y = 2x – 3
y = 2x + 1
y = 1/2x + 1
y = 1/2x + 2

Question 33.
PROBLEM SOLVING
A skydiver parachutes to the ground. The height y (in feet) of the skydiver after x seconds is y = -10x + 3000.

a. Graph the linear equation.
b. Interpret the slope, y-intercept, and x-intercept.
Answer:
y = -10x + 3000
x = 0
y = -10(0) + 3000 = 3000
y = 0
0 = -10 + 3000
10x = 3000
x = 3000/10 = 300

b. The slope shows that each second the skydiver descends 10 feet.
The y – intercept shows that the skydiver begins its dive from 3000 feet.
The x – intercept shows that he reaches the ground after 300 seconds.

Question 34.
DIG DEEPER!
Six friends create a website. The website earns money by selling banner ads. It costs $120 a month to operate the website.
a. A banner ad earns $0.005 per click. Write a linear equation that represents the monthly profit after paying operating costs.
b. Graph the equation in part(a). On the graph, label the number of clicks needed for the friends to start making a profit. Explain.
Answer:
y = 0.005x – 120
x = 0
y = 0.005(0) – 120
y = -120
y = 0
0 = 0.005x – 120
0.005x = 120
x = 24000

x > 24,000

Lesson 4.5 Graphing Linear Equations in Standard Form

EXPLORATION 1

Using Intercepts
Work with a partner. You spend $150 on fruit trays and vegetable trays for a party.

a. You buy x fruit trays and y vegetable trays. Complete the verbal model. Then use the verbal model to write an equation that relates x and y.

b. What is the greatest number of fruit trays that you can buy? vegetable trays? Can you use these numbers to graph your equation from part (a) in the coordinate plane? Explain.

c.Use a graph to determine the different combinations of fruit trays and vegetable trays that you can buy. Justify your answers algebraically.
d. You are given an extra $50 to spend. How does this affect the intercepts of your graph in part(c)? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:

Try It

Graph the linear equation.
Question 1.
x + y = -2
Answer:
Given the equation
y = mx + b
x + y = -2
y = -x – 2
Comparing the value of b and m from y = mx + b
m = -1 and b = -2
Plot y – intercept = (0, b) = (0, -2)
Slope = -1
run/rise = -1/1
Plot the point 1 unit down and 1 unit to the right = (1, -3)
Now plot the points and draw the graph

Question 2.
–\(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 2y = 6
Answer:
–\(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 2y = 6
2y = 6 + \(\frac{1}{2}\)x
y = 0.25x + 3
Comparing the value of b and m from y = mx + b
m = 0.25 and b = 3
Plot y – intercept = (0, b) = (0, 3)
Slope = 0.25
run/rise = 0.25/1
Plot the point 0.25 unit up and 1 unit to the right = (1, 3.25)
Now plot the points and draw the graph

Question 3.
–\(\frac{2}{3}\)x + y = 0
Answer:
–\(\frac{2}{3}\)x + y = 0
y = \(\frac{2}{3}\)x
Comparing the value of b and m from y = mx + b
m = \(\frac{2}{3}\) and b = 0
Plot y – intercept = (0, b) = (0, 0)
Slope =\(\frac{2}{3}\)
run/rise = \(\frac{2}{3}\)
Plot the point 0.25 unit up and 1 unit to the right = (3, 2)
Now plot the points and draw the graph

Question 4.
2x + y = 5
Answer:
2x + y = 5
y = -2x + 5
Comparing the value of b and m from y = mx + b
m = -2 and b = 5
Plot y – intercept = (0, b) = (0, 5)
Slope = -2
run/rise = \(\frac{-2}{1}\)
Plot the point 0.25 unit up and 1 unit to the right = (1, 3)
Now plot the points and draw the graph

Graph the linear equation using intercepts.
Question 5.
2x – y = 8
Answer:
y = 0
2x – y = 8
2x – 0 = 8
2x = 8
x = 4
The x – intercept is (4, 0)
Y – intercept :
x = 0
2x – y = 8
2(0) – y = 8
y = -8

Question 6.
x + 3y = 6
Answer:
X-intercept:
y = 0
x + 3y = 6
x + 3(0) = 6
x + 0 = 6
x = 6
The x – intercept is (6, 0)
Y – intercept:
x = 0
x + 3y = 6
0 + 3y = 6
y = 2
The y – intercept is (0, 2)

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

STRUCTURE Determine whether the equation is in standard form. If not, rewrite the equation in standard form.
Question 7.
y = x – 6
Answer:
y = x – 6
The standard form of equation is: Ax + By = C
The given equation is not in the standard form.
y = x – 6
x – y = 6

Question 8.
y – \(\frac{1}{6}\)x + 5 = 0
Answer:
The standard form of equation is: Ax + By = C
The given equation is not in the standard form.
y – \(\frac{1}{6}\)x + 5 = 0
\(\frac{1}{6}\)x – y = 5

Question 9.
4x + y = 5
Answer:
The standard form of equation is: Ax + By = C
The given equation is in the form of the standard form.

Question 10.
WRITING
Describe two ways to graph the equation 4x + 2y = 6.
Answer:
The two ways to graph the equation:
1. Graph the equation using standard form
2. Graph the equation using intercept.

GRAPHING A LINEAR EQUATION Graph the linear equation.
Question 11.
4x + y = 5
Answer:
Given the equation
4x + y = 5
y = -4x + 5
Comparing the value of b and m from y = mx + b
m = -4 and b = 5
Plot y – intercept = (0, b) = (0, 5)
Slope = -4
run/rise = \(\frac{-4}{1}\)
Plot the point 4 unit down and 1 unit to the right = (1, 1)
Now plot the points and draw the graph

Question 12.
\(\frac{1}{3}\)x + 2y = 8
Answer:
X – intercept:
y = 0
\(\frac{1}{3}\)x + 2y = 8
\(\frac{1}{3}\)x + 2(0) = 8
\(\frac{1}{3}\)x = 8
x = 24
The x – intercept is (24, 0)
Y – intercept:
x = 0
\(\frac{1}{3}\)x + 2y = 8
\(\frac{1}{3}\)(0) + 2y = 8
2y = 8
y = 4
The y – intercept is (0, 4)

Question 13.
5x – y = 10
Answer:
X – intercept:
y = 0
5x – 0 = 10
5x = 10
x = 2
The x-intercept is (2, 0)
Y – intercept:
x = 0
5x – y = 10
5(0) – y = 10
-y = 10
y = -10
The y – intercept is (0, -10)

Question 14.
x – 3y = 9
Answer:
X – intercept:
y = 0
x – 3(0) = 9
x = 9
The x – intercept is (9, 0)
Y – intercept:
x = 0
0 – 3y = 9
-3y = 9
y = -3
The y – intercept is (0, -3)

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 15.
You have $30 to spend on paint and clay. The equation 2x + 6y = 30 represents this situation, where x is the number of paint bottles and y is the number of tubs of clay. Graph the equation. Interpret the intercepts. How many bottles of paint can you buy if you buy 3 tubs of clay? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Given,
You have $30 to spend on paint and clay.
The equation 2x + 6y = 30 represents this situation,
where x is the number of paint bottles and y is the number of tubs of clay.
X – intercept:
y = 0
2x + 6y = 30
2x + 6(0) = 30
2x = 30
x = 15
The x – intercept is (15, 0)
Y – intercept:
x = 0
2x + 6y = 30
2(0) + 6y = 30
6y = 30
y = 5
The y – intercept is (0, 5)

From the graph, I can buy 6 bottles of point if I buy 3 tubs of clay.

Question 16.
You complete two projects for a class in 60 minutes. The equation x + y = 60 represents this situation, where x is the time (in minutes) you spend assembling a birdhouse and y is the time (in minutes) you spend writing a paper.

a. Graph the equation. Interpret the intercepts.

Answer:
x + y = 60
y = -x + 60

b. You spend twice as much time assembling the birdhouse as you do writing the paper. How much time do you spend writing the paper? Justify your answer.
Answer:
We are given,
y = 2x
2x = -x + 60
2x + x = 60
3x = 60
x = 20
y = 2 (20)
y = 40

Graphing Linear Equations in Standard Form Homework & Practice 4.5

Review & Refresh

Find the slope and the y-intercept of the graph of the linear equation.
Question 1.
y = x – 1
Answer:
y = mx + b
Slope = -1 and y – intercept = -1

Question 2.
y = -2x + 1
Answer:
y = -2x + 1
y = mx + b
Slope = -2 and y – intercept = 1

Question 3.
y = \(\frac{8}{9}\)x – 8
Answer:
y = \(\frac{8}{9}\)x – 8
y = mx + b
Slope = \(\frac{8}{9}\) and y – intercept = -8

Tell whether the blue figure is a reflection of the red figure.
Question 4.

Answer:
The blue figure is not a reflection of the red figure because, for example the reflection of the upper leg of the upper leg of the red triangle across the y-axis is the top vertex of the blue triangle, not a point.

Question 5.

Answer:
The blue figure is a reflection of the red figure because to each point in the red figure corresponds a symmetrical point in the blue figure.

Question 6.

Answer:
The blue figure is a reflection of the red figure because to each point in the red figure corresponds a symmetrical point in the blue figure.

Concepts, Skills, &Problem Solving

USING INTERCEPTS Define two variables for the verbal model. Write an equation in slope-intercept form that relates the variables. Graph the equation using intercepts. (See Exploration 1, p. 167.)
Question 7.

Answer:
x = amount of peaches (in pounds)
y = the amount of apples (in pounds)
2x + 1.5y = 15
y = 0 = 2x + 1.5(0) = 15
2x = 15
x = 7.5
x = 0
2(0) + 1.5y = 15
1.5y =15
y = 10

Question 8.

Answer:
x = the biked distance (in miles)
y = the walked distance (in miles)
y = 0
16x + 2(0) = 32
16x = 32
x = 2
x = 0
16(0) + 2y = 32
2y = 32
y = 16

REWRITING AN EQUATION Write the linear equation in slope-intercept form.
Question 9.
2x + y = 17
Answer:
Given the equation
2x + y = 17
y = 17 – 2x
y = -2x + 17

Question 10.
5x – y = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
Answer:
Given the equation
5x – y = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
-y = \(\frac{1}{4}\) – 5x
y = 5x – \(\frac{1}{4}\)

Question 11.
–\(\frac{1}{2}\)x + y = 10
Answer:
Given the equation
–\(\frac{1}{2}\)x + y = 10
y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 10

GRAPHING AN EQUATION Graph the linear equation.
Question 12.
-18x + 9y = 72
Answer:
Given the equation
-18x + 9y = 72
X – intercept:
y = 0
-18x + 9(0) = 72
-18x = 72
x = -4
The x – intercept is (-4, 0)
Y – intercept:
x = 0
-18x + 9y = 72
-18(0) + 9y = 72
9y = 72
y = 8

Question 13.
16x – 4y = 2
Answer:
Given the equation
16x – 4y = 2
X – intercept:
y = 0
16x – 4y = 2
16x – 4(0) = 2
16x = 2
x = 0.125
The X – intercept is (0.125, 0)
Y – intercept:
x = 0
16(0) – 4y = 2
-4y = 2
y = -2

Question 14.
\(\frac{1}{4}\)x + \(\frac{3}{4}\)y = 1
Answer:
Given the equation
\(\frac{1}{4}\)x + \(\frac{3}{4}\)y = 1
x + 3y = 4
y = 0
x + 3(0) = 4
x = 4
x = 0
0 + 3y = 4
3y = 4
y = 4/3

MATCHING Match the equation with its graph.
Question 15.
15x – 12y = 60
Answer:
y = 0
15x – 12(0) = 60
15x = 60
x = 60/15
x = 4
x = 0
15(0) – 12y = 60
-12y = 60
y = -5
The graph having the x – intercept 4 and y – intercept -5

Question 16.
5x + 4y = 20
Answer:
Given the linear equation
5x + 4y = 20
y = 0
5x + 4(0) = 20
5x = 20
x = 4
x = 0
5(0) + 4y = 20
4y = 20
y = 5

Question 17.
10x + 8y = -40
Answer:

10x + 8y = -40
y = 0
10x + 8(0) = -40
10x = -40
x = -4
x = 0
10(0) + 8y = -40
8y = -40
y = -5

Question 18
YOU BE THE TEACHER
Your friend finds the x-intercept of -2x + 3y = 12. Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
-2x + 3y = 12
y = 0
-2x + 3(0) = 12
-2x = 12
x = -6
Your friend is not correct because the x – intercept is the value of x corresponding to y = 0.
Your friend computed the y – intercept.

Question 19.
MODELING REAL LIFE
A charm bracelet costs $65, plus $25 for each charm. The equation -25x + y = 65 represents the cost y (in dollars) of the bracelet, where x is the number of charms.
a. Graph the equation.
b. How much does a bracelet with three charms cost?
Answer:

y = 25x + 65
Substitute the value of x in the equation
y = 25(3) + 65
y = 75 + 65
y = 140

USING INTERCEPTS TO GRAPH Graph the linear equation using intercepts.
Question 20.
3x – 4y = -12
Answer:
Given the equation
3x – 4y = -12
3x – 4(0) = -12
3x = -12
x = -4
The x – intercept is (-4, 0)
Y – intercept:
x = 0
3(0) – 4y = -12
-4y = -12
y = 3
The y – intercept is (0, 3)

Question 21.
2x + y = 8
Answer:
X – intercept:
y = 0
2x + y = 8
2x + 0 = 8
2x = 8
x = 4
The x – intercept is (4, 0)
Y – intercept:
x = 0
2x + y = 8
2(0) + y = 8
y = 8
The y – intercept is (0, 8)

Question 22.
\(\frac{1}{3}\)x – \(\frac{1}{6}\)y = –\(\frac{2}{3}\)
Answer:
X – intercept:
y = 0
\(\frac{1}{3}\)x – \(\frac{1}{6}\)(0) = –\(\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{3}\)x = –\(\frac{2}{3}\)
x = -2
The x – intercept is (-2, 0)
Y – intercept:
x = 0
\(\frac{1}{3}\)(0) – \(\frac{1}{6}\)y = –\(\frac{2}{3}\)
y = 4
The y – intercept is (0, 4)

Question 23.
MODELING REAL LIFE
Your cousin has $90 to spend on video games and movies. The equation 30x + 15y = 90 represents this situation, where x is the number of video games purchased and y is the number of movies purchased. Graph the equation. Interpret the intercepts.
Answer:
30x + 15y = 90
x = 0
30(0) + 15y = 90
15y = 90
y = 6
y = 0
30x + 15(0) = 90
30x = 90
x = 3

The x – intercept shows that 3 video games are purchased when no movies are purchased.
The y – intercept shows that 6 movies are purchased when no video games are purchased.

Question 24.
PROBLEM SOLVING
A group of friends go scuba diving. They rent a boat for x days and scuba gear for y people, represented by the equation 250x + 50y = 1000.

a. Graph the equation and interpret the intercepts.
b. How many friends can go scuba diving if they rent the boat for 1 day? 2 days?
c. How much money is spent in total?
Answer:
250x + 50y = 1000
x = 0
250(0) + 50y = 1000
50y = 1000
y = 20
when y = 0
250x + 50(0) = 1000
250x = 1000
x = 4

b.
250(1) + 50y = 1000
250 + 50y = 1000
50y = 1000 – 250
50y = 750
y = 15
when x = 2
250(2) + 50y = 1000
500 + 50y = 1000
50y = 1000 – 500
50y = 500
y = 500/50
y = 10

Question 25.
DIG DEEPER!
You work at a restaurant as a host and a server. You earn $9.45 for each hour you work as a host and $3.78 for each hour you work as a server.

a. Write an equation in standard form that models your earnings.
b. Graph the equation.
Answer:
You earn $9.45 for each hour you work as a host and $3.78 for each hour you work as a server.
Number of hours worked as host + $3.78.
Number of hours worked as server = $113.40
9.45x + 3.78y = 113.40
x = 0
9.45(0) + 3.78y = 113.40
3.78y = 113.40
y = 30
when y = 0
9.45x + 3.78(0) = 113.40
9.45x = 113.40
x = 12

Question 26.
LOGIC
Does the graph of every linear equation have an x-intercept? Justify your reasoning.
Answer:
y = mx + b
y = 0
0 = mx + b
mx = -b
x = -b/m for m ≠ 0
If m = 0 the equation has no solution. Therefore the equation y = b has no x – intercept.

Question 27.
CRITICAL THINKING
For a house call, a veterinarian charges $70, plus $40 per hour.

a. Write an equation that represents the total fee y (in dollars) the veterinarian charges for a visit lasting x hours.

b. Find the x-intercept. Does this value make sense in this context? Explain your reasoning.
c. Graph the equation.
Answer:
Total fee = fixed charge + number of hours . cost per hour
y = 70 + 40x
y = 0
0 = 70 + 40x
-70 = 40x
x = -1.75
x = 0
y = 70 + 40(0)
y = 70

Lesson 4.6 Writing Equations in Slope-Intercept Form

EXPLORATION 1

Writing Equations of Lines
Work with a partner.For each part, answer the following questions.

• What are the slopes and the y-intercepts of the lines?
• What are equations that represent the lines?
• What do the lines have in common?

Answer:

EXPLORATION 2

Interpreting the Slope and the y-Intercept
Work with a partner. The graph represents the distance y (in miles) of a car from Phoenix after t hours of a trip.

a. Find the slope and the y-intercept of the line. What do they represent in this situation?
b. Write an equation that represents the graph.
c. How can you determine the distance of the car from Phoenix after 11 hours?
Answer:

Try It

Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that passes through the given points.
Question 1.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (4 – 2)/(1 – 0)
= 2/1
= 2
Because the line crosses the y – axis at (0, 2)
y = mx + b
y = 2x + 2

Question 2.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (-1 – 3)/(0 – (-3))
= -4/3
Because y = -1 when x = 0, the y – intercept is -1
y = mx + b
y = -4/3 x – 1

Write an equation of the line that passes through the given points.
Question 3.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (5 – 5)/(0 – (-4))
= 0/4
Because y = 5 when x = 0, the y – intercept is 5
y = mx + b
y = (0)x + 5
y = 5

Question 4.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (1 – 1)/(3 – 0)
= 0/3
= 0
Because the line crosses the y – axis at (0, 1) the y – intercept is 1
y = mx + b
y = (0)x + 1
y = 1

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

WRITING EQUATIONS IN SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that passes through the given points.
Question 5.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (5 – 2)/(1 – 0)
= 3/1
= 3
Because y = 2 when x = 0, the y – intercept is 2
y = mx + b
y = (3)x + 2
y = 3x + 2

Question 6.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (-1 – 5)/(1 – (-1))
= -6/2
= -3
Because the line crosses the y – axis at (0, 2) the y – intercept is 2
y = mx + b
y = -3x + 2

Question 7.
WRITING AN EQUATION
Write an equation of the line that passes through (0, -5) and (2, -5).
Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (-5 – (-5))/(2 – 0)
= 0/2
= 0
Because y = -5 when x = 0, the y – intercept is -5
y = mx + b
y = (0)x + -5
y = -5

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 8.
You load boxes onto an empty truck at a constant rate. After 3 hours, there are 100 boxes on the truck. How much longer do you work if you load a total of 120 boxes? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Let x be the number of hours you work if you load a total of 120 boxes.
100/3 = 120/x
100x = 3 × 120
x = 360/100
x = 3.6 hours
3.6 – 3 = 0.6 hours

Question 9.
The table shows the amounts (in tons) of waste left in a landfill after x months of waste relocation. Interpret the slope and the y-intercept of the line that passes through the given points. How many months does it take to empty the landfill? Justify your answer.

Answer:
m = (12 – 15)/ (6 – 0)
m = -3/6
m = -0.5
b = 15
The y – intercept shows that there are 150 tons of waste in the beginning.
y = -0.5x + 15
y = 0
0 = -0.5x + 15
x = 30
So the ladfill will be emptied after 30 months.

Question 10.
DIG DEEPER!
A lifetime subscription to a website costs $250. A monthly subscription to the website costs $10 to join and $15 per month. Write equations to represent the costs of each plan. If you want to be a member for one year, which plan is less expensive? Explain.
Answer:
Given,
A lifetime subscription to a website costs $250. A monthly subscription to the website costs $10 to join and $15 per month.
Total cost for plan 1 = the lifetime subscription
y = 250
Total cost for Plan 2 = Fixed tax + Number of months . monthly cost
y = 10 + 15x
Plan 1: y = 250
Plan 2: y = 10 + 15(12) = 190
As 190 < 250, plan 1 is less expensive.

Writing Equations in Slope-Intercept Form Homework & Practice 4.6

Review & Refresh

Write the linear equation in slope-intercept form.
Question 1.
4x + y = 1
Answer:
Given the equation
4x + y = 1
y = -4x + 1

Question 2.
x – y = \(\frac{1}{5}\)
Answer:
Given the equation
x – y = \(\frac{1}{5}\)
x – \(\frac{1}{5}\) = y

Question 3.
–\(\frac{2}{3}\)x + 2y = -7
Answer:
Given the equation
–\(\frac{2}{3}\)x + 2y = -7
2y = -7 + \(\frac{2}{3}\)x
y = \(\frac{1}{3}\)x – \(\frac{7}{2}\)

Plot the ordered pair in a coordinate plane.
Question 4.
(1, 4)
Answer:

Question 5.
(-1, -2)
Answer:

Question 6.
(0, 1)
Answer:

Question 7.
(2, 7)
Answer:

Concepts, Skills, & Problem Solving

INTERPRETING THE SLOPE AND THE y-INTERCEPT The graph y represents the cost (in dollars) to open an online gaming account and buy x games. (See Exploration 2, p. 173.)

Question 8.
Find the slope and the y-intercept of the line. What do they represent in this situation?
Answer:
(0, 15), (3, 45)
m = (45 – 15)/(3 – 0)
m = 30/3 10
Thus the slope of the line is m – 3.
b = 15
The slope represents the cost of one game, while the y – intercept is the cost of opening the gaming account.

Question 9.
Write an equation that represents the graph.
Answer:
m = 10
b = 15
y = mx + b
y = 10x + 15

Question 10.
How can you determine the total cost of opening an account and buying 6 games?
Answer:
y = 10x + 15
y = 10(6) + 15
y = 60 + 15
y = 75

WRITING EQUATIONS IN SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that passes through the given points.
Question 11.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (4 – 3)/(0 – (-1))
= 1/1
= 1
Because the line crosses the y – axis at (0, 4) the y – intercept is 4
y = mx + b
y = (1)x + 4
y = x + 4

Question 12.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (6 – 0)/(-3 – 0)
= 6/-3
= -2
Because the line crosses the y – axis at (0, 2) the y – intercept is 2
y = mx + b
y = -2x + 0
y = -2x

Question 13.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (2 – 1)/(4 – 0)
= 1/4
Because the line crosses the y – axis at (0, 1) the y – intercept is 1
y = mx + b
y = 1/4 x + 1

Question 14.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (1 – 2)/(0 – (-2))
= -1/2
Because y = 1 when x = 0, the y – intercept is 1
y = mx + b
y = -1/2 x + 2

Question 15.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (-3 – (-4))/(0 – (-3))
= 1/3
Because y = -3 when x = 0, the y – intercept is -3
y = mx + b
y = 1/3 x – 3

Question 16.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (-1 -4)/(0 – (-2))
= -5/2
Because y = -1 when x = 0, the y – intercept is -1
y = mx + b
y = -5/2 x – 1

WRITING EQUATIONS Write an equation of the line that passes through the given points.
Question 17.
(-1, 4), (0, 2)
Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (2 – 4)/(0 – (-1))
= -2/1
= -2
Because y = 2 when x = 0, the y – intercept is 2
y = mx + b
y = -2x + 2

Question 18.
(-1, 0), (0, 0)
Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (0 – 0)/(0 – (-1))
= 0/1
= 0
Because y = 0 when x = 0, the y – intercept is 0
y = mx + b
y = 0

Question 19.
(0, 4), (0, -3)
Answer:
Both points belong to the y-axis. Therefore the equation of the line passing through them is
x = 0

Question 20.
YOU BE THE TEACHER
Your friend writes an equation of the line shown. Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
Because in the given graph, y = -2 when x = 0, so the y – intercept is -2. The equation of the line should be: y = 1/2 x – 2
No my friend is NOT correct.

Question 21.
MODELING REAL LIFE
A boa constrictor is 18 inches long at birth and grows 8 inches per year. Write an equation in slope y-intercept form that represents the length (in feet) of a boa constrictor that is x years old.

Answer:
Given,
A boa constrictor is 18 inches long at birth and grows 8 inches per year.
Length after x years = birth length + number of years . Growth per year
y = 18 + 8x
y = 8x + 18
Convert it into feet
y = 2/3 x + 3/2

Question 22.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The table shows the speeds y (in miles per hour) of a car after x seconds of braking. Write an equation of the line that passes through the points in the table. Interpret the slope and the y-intercept of the line.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (60 – 70)/(1 – 0)
= -10/1
= -10
Because y = 70 when x = 0, the y – intercept is 70
y = mx + b
y = -10x + 70
Slope = -10 represents the decrease in the speed of the car each seconds after breaking.
The y – intercept of 70 represents the initial speed of the car.

Question 23.
MODELING REAL LIFE
A dentist charges a flat fee for an office visit, plus an additional fee for every tooth removed. The graph shows the total cost y (in dollars) for a patient when the dentist removes x teeth. Interpret the slope and the y-intercept.

Answer:
(2, 500), (4, 900)
m = (900 – 500)/(4 – 2)
m = 400/2
m = 200
y = mx + b
500 = 200(2) + b
500 = 400 + b
b = 500 – 400
b = 100
The slope shows that the amount charged for each removed tooth is $200.
The y – intercept shows that the flat fee for an office visit is $100.

Question 24.
MODELING REAL LIFE
One of your friends gives you $10 for a charity walkathon. Another friend gives you an amount per mile. After 5 miles, you have raised $13.50 total. Write an equation that represents the amount y of money you have raised after x miles.
Answer:
Given,
One of your friends gives you $10 for a charity walkathon.
Another friend gives you an amount per mile. After 5 miles, you have raised $13.50 total.
y = mx + b
b = 10
13.50 = 5m + 10
13.50 – 10 = 5m
3.50 = 5m
m = 3.50/5
m = 0.7
y = 0.7x + 10

Question 25.
PROBLEM SOLVING
You have 500 sheets of notebook paper. After 1 week, you have 72% of the sheets left. You use the same number of sheets each week. Write an equation that represents the number y of sheets remaining after x weeks.
Answer:
y = mx + b
500 – 0.72 × 500 = 500 – 360 = 140 sheets
m = -140
b = 500
y = -140x + 500

Question 26.
DIG DEEPER!
The palm tree on the left is 10 years old. The palm tree on the right is 8 years old. The trees grow at the same rate.

a. Estimate the height y (in feet) of each tree.
b. Plot the two points (x, y), where x is the age of each tree and y is the height of each tree.
c. What is the rate of growth of the trees?
d. Write an equation that represents the height of a palm tree in terms of its age.
Answer:
a. estimate
left: 18
right: 12
plot y = 1.8x

Lesson 4.7 Writing Equations in Point-Slope Form

EXPLORATION 1

Deriving an Equation
Work with a partner. Let (x₁, y₁) represent a specific point on a line. Let (x, y) represent any other point on the line.

a. Write an equation that represents the slope m of the line. Explain your reasoning.
b. Multiply each side of your equation in part(a) by the expression in the denominator. What does the resulting equation represent? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:

EXPLORATION 2

Writing an Equation
Work with a partner.
For 4 months, you saved $25 a month. You now have $175 in your savings account.

a. Draw a graph that shows the balance in your account after t months.
b.Use your result from Exploration 1 to write an equation that represents the balance A after t months.
Answer:

Try It
Write an equation in point -slope form of the line that passes through the given point and has the given slope.
Question 1.
(1, 2); m = -4
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 2 = -4(x – (1))
y – 2 = -4(x – 1)

Question 2.
(7, 0); m = 1
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 0 = 1(x – (7))
y – 0 = 1(x – 7)

Question 3.
(-8, -5); m = –\(\frac{3}{4}\)
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (-5) = –\(\frac{3}{4}\)(x – (-8))
y + 5 = –\(\frac{3}{4}\)(x + 8)

Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that passes through the given points.
Question 4.
(-2, 1), (3, -4)
Answer:
Slope(m) = (-4 – 1)/(3 – (-2))
= -5/5
m = -1
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 1 = -1(x – (-2))
y – 1 = -1(x + 2)
y – 1 = -x – 2
y = -x – 1

Question 5.

Answer:
Slope(m) = (3 – 5)/(-3 – (-5))
= -2/2
m = -1
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 1 = -1(x – (-1))
y – 1 = -1(x + 1)
y – 1 = -x – 1
y = -x – 1 + 1
y = -x

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

WRITING AN EQUATION Write an equation in point-slope form of the line that passes through the given point and has the given slope.
Question 6.
(2, 0); m = 1
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 0 = 1(x – (2))
y – 0 = 1(x – 2)

Question 7.
(-3, -1); m = –\(\frac{1}{3}\)
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (-1) = –\(\frac{1}{3}\)(x – (-3))
y + 1 = –\(\frac{1}{3}\)(x + 3)

Question 8.
(5, 4); m = 3
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 4 = 3(x – (5))
y – 4 = 3(x – 5)

Question 9.
WRITING AN EQUATION
Write an equation of the line that passes through the points given in the table.

Answer:
Slope(m) = (-2 – 1)/(5 – 3)
= -3/2
m = -1
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (-5) = -3/2(x – 7)
y + 5 = -3/2(x – 7)
y + 5 = -3/2 x + 21/2
y = -3/2 x + 11/2

Question 10.
DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION
Which is different? Sketch “both” graphs.

Answer:
y – 7 = 4x – 4
y = 4x + -4 + 7
y = 4x + 3
Graph line passes through the points (4, 5) and (5, 9)

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 11.
A writer finishes a project that a coworker started at a rate of 3 pages per hour. After 3 hours,25% of the project is complete.
a. The project is 200 pages long. Write and graph an equation for the total number y of pages that have been finished after the writer works for x hours.
b. The writer has a total of 45 hours to finish the project. Will the writer meet the deadline? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:
m = 3
y = 3x + b
b + 9 = 25%(200)
b + 9 = 0.25(200)
b + 9 = 50
b = 50 – 9
b = 41
y = 3x + 41

y = 3x + 41
y = 3(45) + 41 = 176 pages
As 176 < 200, the writer will not meet the deadline.

Question 12.
DIG DEEPER!
You and your friend begin to run along a path at different constant speeds.After 1 minute,your friend is 45 meters ahead of you. After 3 minutes, your friend is 105 meters ahead of you.
a. Write and graph an equation for the distance y (in meters) your friend is ahead of you after x minutes. Justify your answer.

Answer:
y = mx + b
45 = m + b
105 = 3m + b
105 – 45 = (3m + b) – (m + b)
60 = 2m
m = 30
45 = 30 + b
b = 45 – 30
b = 15
y = 30x + 15

b. Did you and your friend start running from the same spot? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:
The distance between you and your friend in the initial moment is b = 15 meters. So you are ahead your friend by 15 meters at the starting point.

Writing Equations in Point-Slope Form Homework & Practice 4.7

Review & Refresh

Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that passes through the given points.
Question 1.

Answer:
Slope(m) = (5 – 4)/(0 – (-2))
= 1/2
m = 1/2
Because y = 5 when x = 0, the y – intercept is 5.
y = mx + b
y = 1/2 x + 5

Question 2.

Answer:
Slope(m) = (5 – (-1))/(2 – (-2))
= (5 + 1)/(2 + 2)
m = 6/4
m = 3/2
From the graph, the line crosses the y – axis at (0, 2)
y = mx + b
y = 3/2 x + 2

Solve the equation. Check your solution, if possible.
Question 3.
2x + 3 = 2x
Answer:
Given the equation
2x + 3 = 2x
3 = 2x – 2x
3 ≠ 0

Question 4.
6x – 7 = 1 – 3x
Answer:
Given the equation
6x – 7 = 1 – 3x
6x + 3x = 1 + 7
9x = 8
x = 8/3

Question 5.
0.1x – 1 = 1.2x – 5.4
Answer:
Given the equation
0.1x – 1 = 1.2x – 5.4
0.1x – 1.2x = 1 – 5.4
-1.1x = -4.4
x = 4

Concepts, Skills, &Problem Solving

WRITING AN EQUATION The value of a new car decreases $4000 each year. After 3 years, the car is worth $18,000. (See Exploration 2, p. 179.)
Question 6.
Draw a graph that shows the value of the car after t years.
Answer:

Question 7.
Write an equation that represents the value V of the car after t years.
Answer:
y = -4000t + b
where b is the original price
18,000 = -4000(3) + b
18,000 + 12,000 = b
b = 30,000
y = -4000t + 30,000

WRITING AN EQUATION Write an equation in point-slope form of the line that passes through the given point and has the given slope.
Question 8.
(3, 0); m = –\(\frac{2}{3}\)
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (0) = -2/3(x – 3)
y – 0 = -2/3(x – 3)

Question 9.
(4, 8); m = \(\frac{3}{4}\)
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (8) = 3/4(x – 4)
y – 8 = 3/4(x – 4)

Question 10.
(1, -3); m = 4
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (-3) = 4(x – 1)
y + 3 = 4(x – 1)

Question 11.
(7, -5); m = –\(\frac{1}{7}\)
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (-5) = –\(\frac{1}{7}\)(x – 7)
y + 5 = –\(\frac{1}{7}\)(x – 7)

Question 12.
(3, 3); m = \(\frac{5}{3}\)
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (3) = \(\frac{5}{3}\)(x – 3)
y – 3 = \(\frac{5}{3}\)(x – 3)

Question 13.
(-1, -4); m = -2
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (-4) = -2(x – (-1))
y + 4 = -2(x + 1)

WRITING AN EQUATION Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that passes through the given points.
Question 14.
(-1, -1), (1, 5)
Answer:
Slope(m) = (5 – (-1))/(2 – (-1))
= (5 + 1)/(1 + 1)
m = 6/2
m = 3
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (5) = 3(x – (1))
y – 5 = 3x – 3
y = 3x + 2

Question 15.
(2, 4), (3, 6)
Answer:
Slope(m) = (6 – 4)/(3 – 2)
m = 2/1
m = 2
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (4) = 2(x – (2))
y – 4 = 2x – 4
y = 2x

Question 16.
(-2, 3), (2, 7)
Answer:
Slope(m) = (7 – (3))/(2 – (-2))
= (7 – 3)/(2 + 2)
m = 4/4
m = 1
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (3) = 1(x – (-2))
y – 3 = x + 2
y = x + 5

Question 17.
(4, 1), (8, 2)
Answer:
Slope(m) = (2 – (1))/(8 – (4))
= (2 – 1)/(8 – 4)
m = 1/4
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (1) = 1/4(x – (4))
y – 1 = 1/4 x – 1
y = 1/4 x

Question 18.
(-9, 5), (-3, 3)
Answer:
Slope(m) = (3 – (5))/(-3 – (-9))
= (3 – 5)/(-3 + 9)
m = -2/6
m = -1/3
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (3) = -1/3(x + 3)
y – 3 = -1/3 x – 1
y = -1/3 x + 2

Question 19.
(1, 2), (-2, -1)
Answer:
Slope(m) = (2 – (1))/(8 – (4))
= (-1 – 2)/(-2 – 1)
m = -3/-3
m = 1
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (2) = 1(x – (1))
y – 2 = x – 1
y = x + 1

Question 20.
MODELING REAL LIFE
At 0° C, the volume of a gas is 22 liters. For each degree the temperature T (in degrees Celsius) increases, the volume V (in liters) of the gas increases by \(\frac{2}{25}\). Write an equation that represents the volume of the gas in terms of the temperature.
Answer:
The equation modeling the situation has the form:
V = mT + b
m = 2/25
22 = 2/25(0) + b
b = 22
V = 2/25 T + 22

WRITING AN EQUATION Write an equation of the line that passes through the given points in any form. Explain your choice of form.
Question 21.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (2.5 – 1.5)/(0 – (-1))
= 1/1
= 1
Because the line crosses the y – axis at (0, 2.5), the y – intercept is 2.5
y = mx + b
y = (1)x + 2.5
y = x + 2.5

Question 22.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (3.5 – 1.5)/(2 – (1))
= 2/1
= 2
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (1.5) = 2(x – (1))
y – 1.5 = 2x – 2
y = 2x – 0.5

Question 23.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (-1.5 – 4.5)/(1 – (-1))
= -6/2
= -3
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (-1.5) = -3(x – (1))
y + 1.5 = -3x + 3
y = -3x + 1.5

Question 24.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (-0.5 – 3.5)/(1 – (-1))
= -4/2
= -2
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (-0.5) = -2(x – (1))
y + 0.5 = -2x – 2
y = -2x – 2.5

Question 25.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (1 – (-1))/(0 – (-3))
= (1 + 1)/(0 + 3)
= 2/3
Because y = 1 when x = 0, the y – intercept is 1.
y = mx + b
y = 2/3 x + 1

Question 26.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
= (4 – 6)/(-3 – (-7))
= -2/4
= -1/2
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (2) = -1/2(x – (1))
y – 2 = -1/2x + 1/2
y = -1/2 x + 5/2

Question 27.
REASONING
Write an equation of the line that passes through the point (8, 2) and is parallel to the graph of the equation y = 4x – 3.
Answer:
y = 4x – 3
Comparing the given equation with y = mx + b, we get
m = 4
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 2 = 4(x – 8)
y – 2 = 4x – 32
y = 4x – 32 + 2
y = 4x – 30

Question 28.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The table shows the amount y (in fluid ounces) of carpet cleaner in a tank after x minutes of cleaning.

a. Write an equation that represents the amount of cleaner x in the tank after minutes.
b. How much cleaner is in the tank when the cleaning begins?
c. After how many minutes is the tank empty? Justify your answer.
Answer:

Question 29.
DIG DEEPER!
According to Dolbear’s law, you can predict the temperature T (in degrees Fahrenheit) by counting the number x of chirps made by a snowy tree cricket in 1 minute.When the temperature is 50°F, a cricket chirps 40 times in 1 minute. For each rise in temperature of 0.25°F, the cricket makes an additional chirp each minute.
a. You count 100 chirps in 1 minute. What is the temperature?
b. The temperature is 96°F.How many chirps do you expect the cricket to make? Justify your answer.
Answer:

Question 30.
PROBLEM SOLVING
The Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy was built between 1173 and 1350.
a. Write an equation that represents the yellow line.
b. The tower is 56 meters tall. How far from the center is the top of the tower? Justify your answer.

Answer:

Graphing and Writing Linear Equations Connecting Concepts

Using the Problem-Solving Plan
Question 1.
Every item in a retail store is on sale for 40% off. Write and graph an equation that represents the sale price of an item that has an original price of x dollars.

Understand the problem.
You know the percent discount of items in a retail store.You are asked to write and graph an equation that represents the sale price of an item that has an original price of x dollars.
Make a plan.
Selling an item for 40% off is the same as selling an item for 60% of its original price. Use this information to write and graph an equation that represents the situation.
Solve and check.
Use the plan to solve the problem. Then check your solution.
Answer:
40% = 0.40 and to find a percent of a number you multiply the number by the percent in decimal form.
So, the equation is d = 0.4p

Question 2.
Two supplementary angles have angle measures of x° and y°. Write and graph an equation that represents the relationship between the measures of the angles.
Answer:

Question 3.
A mechanic charges a diagnostic fee plus an hourly rate. The table shows the numbers of hours worked and the total costs for three customers.A fourth customer pays $285. Find the number of hours that the mechanic worked for the fourth customer.

Answer:

Performance Task

Anatomy of a Hurricane
At the beginning of this chapter, you watched a STEAM Video called “Hurricane!” You are now ready to complete the performance task related to this video, available at BigIdeasMath.com. Be sure to use the problem-solving plan as you work through the performance task.

Graphing and Writing Linear Equations Chapter Review

Review Vocabulary
Write the definition and give an example of each vocabulary term.

Graphic Organizers
You can use a Definition and Example Chart to organize information about a concept. Here is an example of a Definition and Example Chart for the vocabulary term linear equation.

Choose and complete a graphic organizer to help you study the concept.

1. slope
2. slope of parallel lines
3. proportional relationship
4. slope-intercept form
5. standard form
6. point-slope form

Chapter Self-Assessment

As you complete the exercises, use the scale below to rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

4.1 Graphing Linear Equations (pp. 141–146)
Learning Target: Graph linear equations.Graph the linear equation.

Question 1.
y = \(\frac{3}{5}\)x
Answer:

Question 2.
y = -2
Answer:

Question 3.
y = 9 – x
Answer:

Question 4.
y = -0.25x + 4
Answer:

Question 5.
y = \(\frac{2}{3}\)x + 2
Answer:

Question 6.
x = -5
Answer:

Question 7.
The equation y = 0.53x + 3 represents the cost y (in dollars) of riding in a taxi x miles.

a. Use a graph to estimate how much it costs to ride 5.25 miles in a taxi.
b. Use the equation to find exactly how much it costs to ride 5.25 miles in a taxi.
Answer:

y = 0.5x + 3
y = 0.5(5.25) + 3
y ≈ 5.6

Question 8.
The equation y = 9.5x represents the earnings y (in dollars) of an aquarium gift shop employee that works x hours.

a. Graph the linear equation.
b. How much does the employee earn for working 40 hours?
Answer:

Determine y for x = 40:
y = 9.5x
y = 9.5(40) = 380

Question 9.
Is y = x² a linear equation? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:
y = x²
The graph of the given equation passes through the origin, but is not linear, therefore it is not a linear equation.
So, the answer is no.

Question 10.
The sum S of the exterior angle measures of a polygon with n sides is S = 360°.
a. Plot four points (n, S) that satisfy the equation. Is the equation a linear equation? Explain your reasoning.
b. Does the value n = 2 make sense in the context of the problem? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:

The value n = 2 does not make sense in the context of the problem because a polygon has at least 3 sides.

4.2 Slope of a Line (pp. 147–154)
Learning Target: Find and interpret the slope of a line.

Describe the slope of the line. Then find the slope of the line.
Question 11.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (3, 1)
(x2, y2) = (-3, -3)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-3 – 1)/(-3 – 3)
m = -4/-6
m = 2/3

Question 12.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (0, 4)
(x2, y2) = (2, -2)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-2 – 4)/(2 – 0)
m = -6/2
m = -3
The slope is negative

Find the slope of the line through the given points.
Question 13.
(-5, 4), (8, 4)
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-5, 4)
(x2, y2) = (8, 4)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (4 – 4)/(8 – (-5))
m = 0/13
m = 0

Question 14.
(-3, 5), (-3, 1)
Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-3, 5)
(x2, y2) = (-3, 1)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (1 – 5)/(-3 + 3)
m = -4/0
m = undefined

The points in the table lie on a line. Find the slope of the line.
Question 15.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (0, -1)
(x2, y2) = (1, 0)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (0 – (-1))/(1 – 0)
m = 1/1
m = 1

Question 16.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-2, 3)
(x2, y2) = (0, 4)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (4 – 3)/(0 – (-2))
m = 1/2

Question 17.
How do you know when two lines are parallel? Use an example to justify your answer.
Answer:
Two lines are parallel when their slopes are the same. In order for the two lines not to coincide, we must add the condition that their y – intercepts.
Example 1:
d1: y = 3x – 6
d2: 3x – y = 6
The lines d1 and d2 have the same slope and the same y – intercept, therefore they coincide.

Question 18.
Draw a line through the point (-1, 2) that is parallel to the graph of the line in Exercise 11.
Answer:
y = 2/3 x – 1
A (-1, 2)
y = 2/3 x + b
y = 2/3 (-1) + b
b = 8/3
The equation of d1 is:
y = 2/3 x + 8/3
Determine the x intercept of d1:
0 = 2/3 x + 8/3
0 = 2x + 8
2x = -8
x = -8/2
x = -4

4.3 Graphing Proportional Relationships (pp. 155–160)
Learning Target: Graph proportional relationships.

Tell whether x and y are in a proportional relationship. Explain your reasoning. If so, write an equation that represents the relationship.
Question 19.

Answer:
x and y are not in a proportional relationship because the line does not pass through the origin.

Question 20.

Answer:
x and y are in a proportional relationship because the line does passes through the origin.
Determine the slope k using two points from the graph
k = (10 – 0)/(2 – 0)
k = 10/2
k = 5x

Question 21.
The cost y (in dollars) to provide food for guests at a dinner party is proportional to the number x of guests attending the party. It costs $30 to provide food for 4 guests.
a. Write an equation that represents the situation.
b. Interpret the slope of the graph of the equation.
c. How much does it cost to provide food for 10 guests? Justify your answer.
Answer:
y = kx
30 = 4k
k = 30/4
k = 7.5
y = 7.5x
b. The slope 7.5 represents the unit cost for a guest.
y = 7.5 × 10
y = 75
c. Determine y for x = 10
So it costs $75 to provide food for 10 guests.

Question 22.
The distance y (in miles) you run after weeks is represented by the equation y =8x. Graph the equation and interpret the slope.
Answer:
y = 8x

Question 23.
You research that hair grows 15 centimeters per year on average. The table shows your friend’s hair growth.

a. Does your friend’s hair grow faster than average? Explain.

Answer:
The rate of growth on average is
15/12 = 1.25 cm/month
The slope/rate of growth for your friend is
(6 – 3)/(4 – 2) = 3/2 = 1.5 cm/month
As 1.5 > 1.25, your friends hair grows faster than average.

b. In the same coordinate plane, graph the average hair growth and the hair growth of your friend. Compare and interpret the steepness of each of the graphs.
Answer:
The equation for the average growth is
y = 1.25x
The equation for the friends growth is
y = 1.5 x

4.4 Graphing Linear Equations in Slope-Intercept Form (pp. 161–166)
Learning Target: Graph linear equations in slope-intercept form.

Find the slope and the -intercept of the graph of the linear equation.
Question 24.
y = -4x + 1
Answer:
y = mx + b
slope = -4 and y – intercept = 1

Question 25.
y = \(\frac{2}{3}\)x – 12
Answer:
y = mx + b
slope = \(\frac{2}{3}\) and y – intercept = -12

Question 26.
y – 7 = 0.5x
Answer:
Given the equation
y – 7 = 0.5x
y = 0.5x + 7
slope = 0.5 and y – intercept = 7

Graph the linear equation. Identify the -intercept.
Question 27.
y = 2x – 6
Answer:
Given the equation
y = 2x – 6
Comparing the above equation with slope – intercept equation
slope = 2, y – intercept = -6
Slope = rise/run = 2/1
Plot the point that is 1 unit right and 2 units up from (0, -6) = (1, -4)

The line crosses the x – axis at (3, 0)
So, the x – intercept is 3.

Question 28.
y = -4x + 8
Answer:
y = -4x + 8
slope = -4 and y – intercept = 8
So plot (0, 8)
Slope = rise/run = -4/1
plot the point that is 1 unit right and 4 units down from (0, 8) = (1, 4)

The line crosses the x- axis at (2, 0)
So the x – intercept is 2.

Question 29.
y = -x – 8
Answer:
Given the equation
y = -x – 8
comparing the above equation with sloope – intercept equation.
Slope = -1 and y – intercept = -8
Slope = rise/run = -1/1
Plot the point that is 1 unit right and 1 unit down from (0, -8) = (1, -9)

The line crosses the x-axis at (-8, 0)
So, the intercept is -8.

Question 30.
The cost y (in dollars) of one person buying admission to a fair and going on x rides is y = x + 12.

a. Graph the equation.
b. Interpret the y-intercept and the slope.
Answer:
y = x + 12
Comparing the above equation with slope – intercept equation.
Slope = 1 and y – intercept = 12
So plot (0, 20)
Slope = rise/run = 1/1
Plot the point that is 1 unit right and 1 unit up from (0, 12) = (1, 13)

The y – intercept is 12 so the initial cost of admission is $12.
The slope is 1 so for each ride the cost of the person increases $1 per ride.

Question 31.
Graph the linear equation with slope -5 and y-intercept 0.
Answer:
y – intercept = 0. So plot (0, 0)
Plot the point that is 1 unit right and 5 unit down from (0, 0) = (1, -5)

4.5 Graphing Linear Equations in Standard Form (pp. 167–172)
Learning Target: Graph linear equations in standard form.

Write the linear equation in slope-intercept form.
Question 32.
4x + 2y = -12
Answer:
4x + 2y = -12
2y = -12 – 4x
y = -6 – 2x
y = -2x – 6

Question 33.
x – y = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
Answer:
Given the equation
x – y = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
y = x – \(\frac{1}{4}\)

Graph the linear equation.
Question 34.
\(\frac{1}{4}\)x + y = 3
Answer:
\(\frac{1}{4}\)x + y = 3
y = 3 – \(\frac{1}{4}\)x
y = –\(\frac{1}{4}\)x + 3
Slope = –\(\frac{1}{4}\) and y – intercept = 3
So plot (0, 3)
Slope = rise/run = –\(\frac{1}{4}\)
Plot the point that is 4 units right and 1 unit down from (0, 3) = (4, 2)

Question 35.
-4x + 2y = 8
Answer:
-4x + 2y = 8
2y = 8 + 4x
y = 2x + 4
Slope = 2 and y – intercept = 4
So plot (0, 4)
Slope = rise/run = 2/1
Plot the point that is 1 unit right and 2 units up from (0, 4) = (1, 6)

Question 36.
x + 5y = 10
Answer:
x + 5y = 10
5y = -x + 10
y = -1/5 x + 2
Slope = -1/5 and y – intercept = 2
So, plot (0, 2)
Slope = rise/run = -1/5
Plot the point that is 5 unit right and 1 unit down from (0, 2) = (5, 1)

Question 37.
–\(\frac{1}{2}\)x + \(\frac{1}{8}\)y = \(\frac{3}{4}\)
Answer:
–\(\frac{1}{2}\)x + \(\frac{1}{8}\)y = \(\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\frac{1}{8}\)y = \(\frac{3}{4}\)  + \(\frac{1}{2}\)x
y = 4x + 6
Slope = 4 and y – intercept = 6
So plot (0, 6)
Slope = rise/run = 4/1
Plot the point that is 1 unit right and 4 units up from (0, 6) = (1, 10)

Question 38.
A dog kennel charges $30 per night to board your dog and $6 for each hour of playtime. The amount of money you spend is given by 30x + 6y = 180, where x is the number of nights and y is the number of hours of playtime. Graph the equation and interpret the intercepts.
Answer:
Given,
A dog kennel charges $30 per night to board your dog and $6 for each hour of playtime.
The amount of money you spend is given by 30x + 6y = 180,
where x is the number of nights and y is the number of hours of playtime.
30x + 6y = 180
6y = -30x + 180
y = -5x + 30

The x – intercept is 6, which means that the dog can stay for 6 nights when there is no playtime.
The y – intercept is 30, which means the dog can play for 30 hours when he does not spend any night at the kennel.

4.6 Writing Equations in Slope-Intercept Form (pp. 173–178)
Learning Target: Write equations of lines in slope-intercept form.

Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that passes through the given points.
Question 39.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (1 – (-2))/(3 – 0)
m = (1 + 2)/(3 – 0)
m = 3/3
m = 1
We have to find the y – intercept because the line crosses the y – axis at (0, -2)
y = mx + b
y = x – 2

Question 40.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (4 – 2)/(0 – 4)
m = 2/-4
m = -1/2
We have to find the y – intercept because the line crosses the y – axis at (0, 4)
y = mx + b
y =-1/2 x + 4

Question 41.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-2 – 1)/(2 – 0)
m = -3/2
We have to find the y – intercept because y = 1 when x = 0, the y – intercept is 1.
y = mx + b
y = -3/2 x + 1

Question 42.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-1 – (-3))/(1 – 0)
m = 2/1
m = 2
We have to find the y – intercept because y = -3 when x = 0, the y – intercept is -3.
y = mx + b
y = 2x + (-3)
y = 2x – 3

Question 43.
Write an equation of the line that passes through (0, 8) and (6, 8).
Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (8 – 8)/(6 – 0)
m = 0/6
m = 0
We have to find the y – intercept because y = 8 when x = 0, the y – intercept is 8.
y = mx + b
y = (0) x + 8
y = 8

Question 44.
Write an equation of the line that passes through (0, -5) and (-5, -5).
Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-5 – (-5))/(-5 – 0)
m = 0/-5
m = 0
We have to find the y – intercept because y = -5 when x = 0, the y – intercept is -5
y = mx + b
y = (0) x + (-5)
y = -5

Question 45.
A construction crew is extending a highway sound barrier that is 13 miles long. The crew builds \(\frac{1}{2}\) of a mile per week. Write an equation in slope -intercept form that represents the length y (in miles) of the barrier after x weeks.
Answer:
Given,
A construction crew is extending a highway sound barrier that is 13 miles long.
The crew builds \(\frac{1}{2}\) of a mile per week.
y = mx + b
m = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
b = 13
y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 13

4.7 Writing Equations in Point-Slope Form (pp. 179–184)
Learning Target: Write equations of lines in point-slope form.

Write an equation in point-slope form of the line that passes through the given point and has the given slope.
Question 46.
(4, 4); m = 3
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
Substitute m value, x and y value in the equation
y – (4) = 3(x – 4)
y – 4 = 3(x – 4)

Question 47.
(2, -8); m = –\(\frac{2}{3}\)
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
Substitute m value, x and y value in the equation
y – (-8) = –\(\frac{2}{3}\)(x – 2)
y + 8 = –\(\frac{2}{3}\)(x – 2)

Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that passes through the given points.
Question 48.
(-4, 2), (6, -3)
Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-3 – 2)/(6 – (-4))
m = -5/10
m = -1/2
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
Substitute m value, x and y value in the equation
y – 2 = –\(\frac{1}{2}\)(x – (-4))
y – 2 = –\(\frac{1}{2}\)(x + 4)
y = –\(\frac{1}{2}\)x

Question 49.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (5 – 1)/(3 – 2)
m = 4/1
m = 4
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
Substitute m value, x and y value in the equation
y – (-3) = 4(x – 1)
y + 3 = 4x – 4
y = 4x – 7

Question 50.
The table shows your elevation y (in feet) on a ski slope after x minutes.

a. Write an equation that represents your elevation after x minutes.

Answer:
m = (600 – 800)/(2 – 1)
m = -200
800 = -200(1) + b
800 = -200 + b
800 + 200 = b
b = 1000 feet

b. What is your starting elevation?

Answer:
The starting elevation is the y – intercept
b = 1000 feet

c. After how many minutes do you reach the bottom of the ski slope? Justify your answer.
Answer:
0 = -200x + 1000
0 – 1000 = -200x
-1000 = -200x
200x = 1000
x = 5 minutes

Question 51.
A company offers cable television at$29.95 per month plus a one-time installation fee. The total cost for the first six months of service is $214.70. a. Write an equation in point-slope form that represents the total cost you pay for cable television after x months.
b. How much is the installation fee? Justify your answer.
Answer:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
m = 29.95
y – 214.70 = 29.95(x – 6)
y – 214.70 + 214.70 = 29.95x – 179.97 + 2147.70
y = 29.95x + 35
b = 35

Question 52.
When might it be better to represent an equation in point-slope form rather than slope-intercept form? Use an example to justify your answer.
Answer:
When we are given the slope and a point that is the y – intercept, then the easiest way is to use the slope – intercept form y = mx + b
Example:
m = 2
(0, 5)
y = 2x + 5
m = 2
(1, 3)
y – 3 = 2(x – 1)
Easier when given the slope and a point that is not the y – intercept.

Graphing and Writing Linear Equations Practice Test

Find the slope and the -intercept of the graph of the linear equation.
Question 1.
y = 6x – 5
Answer:
y = 6x – 5
Slope = 6 and y – intercept = -5

Question 2.
y – 1 = 3x + 8.4
Answer:
Given the equation
y – 1 = 3x + 8.4
y = 3x + 8.4 + 1
y = 3x + 9.4
Slope = 3 and y – intercept = 9.4

Question 3.
–\(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 2y = 7
Answer:
Given the equation
–\(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 2y = 7
y = \(\frac{1}{4}\)x + \(\frac{7}{2}\)
Slope = \(\frac{1}{4}\) and y – intercept = \(\frac{7}{2}\)

Graph the linear equation.
Question 4.
y = –\(\frac{1}{2}\)x – 5
Answer:
Given the equation
y = –\(\frac{1}{2}\)x – 5
Slope = –\(\frac{1}{2}\) and y – intercept = -5
So plot (0, -5)
Plot the point that is 2 units right and 1 unit down from (0, -5) = (2, -6)
Draw a line through the two points.

Question 5.
-3x + 6y = 12
Answer:
Given the equation
-3x + 6y = 12
6y = 3x + 12
y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)x + 2
Slope = \(\frac{1}{2}\), y – intercept = 2
Slope = rise/run = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Plot the point that is 2 units right and 1 unit up from (0, 2) = (2, 3)

Question 6.
y = \(\frac{2}{3}\)x
Answer:
Given the equation
y = \(\frac{2}{3}\)x
Slope = \(\frac{2}{3}\), y – intercept = 0
Slope = rise/run = \(\frac{2}{3}\)
Plot the point that is 3 units right and 2 unit up from (0, 0) = (3, 2)

Question 7.
Which lines are parallel? Explain.

Answer:
Red line:
(x1, y1) = (-4, 1)
(x2, y2) = (2, 4)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (4 – 1)/(2 – (-4))
m = 3/6
m = 1/2
Blue line:
(x1, y1) = (-4, -1)
(x2, y2) = (2, 0.5)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (0.5 – (-1))/(2 – (-4))
m = 1.5/6
m = 1/4
Green Line:
(x1, y1) = (-2, -4)
(x2, y2) = (2, -2)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-2 – (-4))/(2 – (-2))
m = 2/4
m = 1/2
Red lines and Green lines are parallel because both have same slope = 1/2

Question 8.
The points in the table lie on a line. Find the slope of the line.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-1, -4)
(x2, y2) = (0, -1)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-1 – (-4))/(0 – (-1))
m = 3/1
m = 3

Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that passes through the given points.
Question 9.

Answer:
(x1, y1) = (-4, 1)
(x2, y2) = (2, 4)
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (-5 – (-1))/(3 – 0)
m = -4/3
Because the line crosses the y – axis at (0, -1), the y – intercept is -1.
y = mx + b
y = -4/3x – 1

Question 10.

Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (2 – 2)/(0 – (-2))
m = 0/2
m = 0
Because y = 2 when x =0, the y – intercept is 2.
y = mx + b
y = 2

Question 11.
Write an equation in point-slope form of the line that passes through (-4, 1) and (4, 3).
Answer:
m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
m = (3 – 1)/(4 – (-4))
m = 2/8
m = 1/4
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 1 = 1/4(x – (-4))
y – 1 = 1/4(x + 4)

Question 12.
The number y of new vocabulary words that you learn after x weeks is represented by the equation y = 15x.
a. Graph the equation and interpret the slope.
b. How many new vocabulary words do you learn after 5 weeks?
c. How many more vocabulary words do you learn after 6 weeks than after 4 weeks?
Answer:
a.
b. y = 15 . 5
y = 75 words
c. 15 . 6 – 15 . 4 = 90 – 60 = 30 words

Question 13.
You used $90 worth of paint for a school float. The amount of money you spend is given by 18x + 15y = 90, where x is the number of gallons of blue paint and y is the number of gallons of white paint. Graph the equation and interpret the intercepts.
Answer:
Given,
18x + 15y = 90
15y = -18x + 90
y = -6/5 x + 6

The x – intercept is 5 and shows that 5 gallons of blue paint might be bought when no gallon of the white pants is bought.
The y – intercept is 6 and shows that 6 gallons of white paint might be bought when no gallon of blue is bought.

Graphing and Writing Linear Equations Cumulative Practice

Question 1.
Which equation matches the line shown in the graph?

A. y =2x – 2
B. y = 2x + 1
C. y = x – 2
D. y = x + 1
Answer:
m = (-2 – 0)/(0 – 1)
m = 2
y = 2x – 2
Thus the correct answer is option A.

Question 2.
Which point lies on the graph of 6x – 5y = 14?
F. (-4, -1)
G. (-2, 4)
H. (-1, -4)
I. (4, -2)
Answer:
6x – 5y = 14
F. 6(-4) – 5(-1) = 14
-24 + 5 = 14
-19 ≠ 14
G. 6(-2) – 5(4) = 14
-12 – 20 = 14
-32 ≠ 14
H. 6(-1) – 5(-4) = 14
-6 + 20 = 14
14 = 14
Thus the correct answer is option H.

Question 3.
You reflect the triangle in the x-axis. What are the coordinates of the image?

A. X'(4, 1), Y'(2, 3), Z'(-2, 1)
B. X'(4, -1), Y'(2, -3), Z'(-2, -1)
C. X'(-4, -1), Y(-2, -3), Z'(2, -1)
D. X'(1, 4), Y'(3, 2), Z'(1, -2)
Answer:

Thus the correct answer is option C.

Question 4.
Which of the following is the equation of a line parallel to the line shown in the graph?

Answer:
m = (-4 – 2)/(6 – 4)
m = -6/2
m = -3
Two lines parallel if they have the same slope.
From the given equations, the one having the slope -3 is y = -3x + 5
Thus the correct answer is option H.

Question 5.
What is the value of x?

Answer:
122 = 47 + x
47 + x = 122
x = 122 – 47
x = 75

Question 6.
An emergency plumber charges $49.00 plus $70.00 per hour of the repair. A bill to repair your sink is $241.50. This can be modeled by 70.00 h + 49.00 = 241.50, where h represents the number of hours for the repair. How many hours did it take to repair your sink?
A. 2.75 hours
B. 3.45 hours
C. 4.15 hours
D. 13,475 hours
Answer:
70.00 h + 49.00 = 241.50
70h = 241.50 – 49
70h = 192.5
h = 2.75 hours
Thus the correct answer is option A.

Question 7.
It costs $40 to rent a car for one day. In addition, the rental agency charges you for each mile driven, as shown in the graph.

Part A Determine the slope of the line joining the points on the graph.
Part B Explain what the slope represents.
Answer:
m = (50 – 40)/(100 – 0)
m = 10/100
m = 0.1

Question 8.
What value of makes the equation true?

7 + 2x = 4x – 5
Answer:
7 + 2x = 4x – 5
2x – 4x = -5 – 7
-2x = -12
x = 6

Question 9.
Trapezoid KLMN is graphed in the coordinate plane shown.

Rotate Trapezoid KLMN 90° clockwise about the origin. What are the coordinates of point M’, the image of point M after the rotation?
F. (-3, -2)
G. (-2, -3)
H. (-2, 3)
I. (3, 2)
Answer: M'(-3, -2)
Thus the correct answer is option F.

Question 10.
Solve the formula K = 3M – 7.
A. M = K + 7
B. M = \(\frac{K+7}{3}\)
C. M = \(\frac{K}{3}\) + 7
D. M = \(\frac{K-7}{3}\)
Answer:
K = 3M – 7
K + 7 = 3M
M = \(\frac{K+7}{3}\)
Thus the correct answer is option B.

Question 11.
What is the distance across the canyon?

F. 3.6 ft
G. 12 ft
H. 40 ft
I. 250 ft
Answer:
100/30 = d/12
3d = 12 × 10
3d = 120
d = 40 feet
Thus the correct answer is option H.

Conclusion:

All the solutions in the above article are beneficial for all the students of middle school students. All the solutions are prepared by the math professionals. The solutions are given clearly with step by step explanations. If you have any doubts regarding the chapter we are always ready to clarify your doubts. All you have to do is to post the comments in the below comment box.

Get Big Ideas Math Answer Key for Grade 7 Chapter 9 Geometric Shapes and Angles Pdf here. We are providing free download links to all problems in the upcoming sections. You can understand the concept easily as we are explaining the concept with so many real-time examples. Candidates can improve their problem-solving skills and analytical thinking with the help of Big Ideas Math Answers Grade 7 Chapter 9 Geometric Shapes and Angles.

BIM Grade 7 Chapter 9 Geometric Shapes and Angles Answer Key pdf. Download all the pdf links from here for free of cost and kickstart your exam preparation. Follow the various concepts and solve as many problems as before going to the exam. We are providing the preparatory material for the candidates to score better marks in the exam. Grade 7 Big Ideas Math Answers is providing amazing tips and tricks in the next sections. Check it out!!

Big Ideas Math Book 7th Grade Answer Key 9 Geometric Shapes and Angles

If it is some theory, then you can easily learn it but if it is problematic, then you must have perfection and grip on the subject. Therefore, we are providing a lot of practice material with solutions. First, read the question and try to solve the problems without looking at the solutions. Then refer to the solution and know if it is correct or not. Also, check if it the easiest process or not. With the help of professionals and math experts, we gave the solution to the problems in the easiest methods.

You need not be the expert in all the topics but you must check the easy topics like Geometric Shapes and Angles and prepare perfectly. These topics act as a scoring factor because they are easy to understand and solve. If you have any further doubts, go through Big Ideas Math Answers Grade 7 Chapter 9 Geometric Shapes and Angles, you will get a clear idea about every detail.

Performance Task

• Geometric Shapes and Angles STEAM Video/Performance Task
• Geometric Shapes and Angles Getting Ready for Chapter 9

Lesson: 1 Circle and Circumference

• Lesson 9.1 Circles and Circumference
• Circles and Circumference Homework & Practice 9.1

Lesson: 2 Areas of Circles

• Lesson 9.2 Areas of Circles
• Areas of Circles Homework & Practice 9.2

Lesson: 3 Perimeters and Areas of Composite Figures

• Lesson 9.3 Perimeters and Areas of Composite Figures
• Perimeters and Areas of Composite Figures Homework & Practice 9.3

Lesson: 4 Constructing Polygons

• Lesson 9.4 Constructing Polygons
• Constructing Polygons Homework & Practice 9.4

Lesson: 5 Finding Unknown Angle Measures

• Lesson 9.5 Finding Unknown Angle Measures
• Finding Unknown Angle Measures Homework & Practice 9.5

Chapter 9 – Geometric Shapes and Angles

• Geometric Shapes and Angles Connecting Concepts
• Geometric Shapes and Angles Chapter Review
• Geometric Shapes and Angles Practice Test
• Geometric Shapes and Angles Cumulative Practice

Geometric Shapes and Angles STEAM Video/Performance Task

STEAM Video

Track and Field
Different lanes on a race track have different lengths. How can competitors run in different lanes and have the same finish line?

Watch the STEAM Video “Track and Field.” Then answer the following questions.
1. A track consists of a rectangle and two semicircles. The dimensions of the rectangle formed by the innermost lane are shown. What is the distance around each semicircle on the 400-meter, innermost lane?

2. How does the width of the rectangle, 63.7 meters, compare to the distance around each semicircle? Explain.

Answer:
1. The distance around each semicircle on the 400-meter, innermost lane = 488 m
2. The distance around each semicircle = 90π + 320

Explanation:
1. The inside perimeter of the track = 400 m
the total length of the two straight portions = 90 + 90 = 180
therefore the length of the remaining portion = 400-180 = 220 m
circumference of the two remaining semi-circular portions = πr + πr = 2πr
2πr = 220
2 x 3.14 x r = 220
r = 35 m
Area of the track = 2 x 90 x 14 +3.14 x (49) x (49) – (35) x (35)
area of the track = 6216 square meter
length of the outer running track = 488 m
2. The perimeter of the track is the two circumferences of the circumferences.
The diameters of the circle and the width of the rectangle = 90 m
90 π + 320
Performance Task.
Finding the Area and Perimeter of a Track
After completing this chapter, you will be able to use the concepts you learned to answer the questions in the STEAM Video Performance Task. You will be given the dimensions of a race track.

You will be asked to solve various perimeter and area problems about the track. Given a race track, what measures do you need to find the outer perimeter?

Answer:
The outer perimeter = 11,2610 sq m

Explanation:
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) r
p = (3.14 + 2)36.5
p= (3.16) 36.5
p = 11,2610 sq m

Geometric Shapes and Angles Getting Ready for Chapter 9

Chapter Exploration
Work with a partner.
Question 1.
Perform the steps for each of the figures.

• Measure the perimeter of the larger polygon to the nearest millimeter.
• Measure the diameter of the circle to the nearest millimeter.
• Measure the perimeter of the smaller polygon to the nearest millimeter.
• Calculate the value of the ratio of the two perimeters to the diameter.
• Take the average of the ratios. This average is the approximation of π(the Greek letter ).
  

Question 2.
Based on the table, what can you conclude about the value of π? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
The value of π = 3.14

Explanation:
We can consider 3 values for the π.
they are (22/7) or 3.14
so i am considering the 3.14

Question 3.
The Greek mathematician Archimedes used the above procedure to approximate the value of π. He used polygons with 96 sides. Do you think his approximation was more or less accurate than yours? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:
The greek mathematician used polygons with the side of polygons as 12,14,48, and finally 96 sides.

Explanation:
The greek mathematician used polygons with the side of polygons as 12,14,48, and finally 96 sides.
yes the accuration is more than i think.

Vocabulary
The following vocabulary terms are defined in this chapter. Think about what each term might mean and record your thoughts.
diameter of a circle
semi circle
adjacent angles
circumference
composite figure
vertical angles

Answer:
The diameter of the circle = the diameter is the length of the line through the center that touches two points on the edge of the circle.
semi circle =  semicircle is a one-dimensional locus of points that forms half of the circle.
adjacent angles = adjacent angles are two angles that have a common vertex and a common side but do not overlap.
circumference = the circumference is the perimeter of the circle. the circumference would be the arc length of the circle.
composite figure = a figure that consists of two or more geometric shapes.
vertical angles = a pair of non-adjacent angles form when two lines intersect.

Explanation:
The diameter of the circle = the diameter is the length of the line through the center that touches two points on the edge of the circle.
semi circle =  semicircle is a one-dimensional locus of points that forms half of the circle.
adjacent angles = adjacent angles are two angles that have a common vertex and a common side but do not overlap.
circumference = the circumference is the perimeter of the circle. the circumference would be the arc length of the circle.
composite figure = a figure that consists of two or more geometric shapes.
vertical angles = a pair of non-adjacent angles form when two lines intersect.

Lesson 9.1 Circles and Circumference

EXPLORATION 1

Using a Compass to Draw a Circle
Work with a partner. Set a compass to 2 inches and draw a circle.

a. Draw a line from one side of the circle to the other that passes through the center. What is the length of the line? This is called the diameter of the circle.
b. Estimate the distance around the circle. This is called the circumference of the circle. Explain how you found your answer.

Answer:
a. the length of the line = 4 inches
b.  The circumference of the circle = 12.56 inch

Explanation:
a. In the question they said that 2 inches
the length of the line = 4 in
b. the circumference of the circle = 2π r
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 2
circle = 12.56 in

EXPLORATION 2

Exploring Diameter and Circumference
Work with a partner.
a. Roll a cylindrical object on a flat surface to find the circumference of the circular base.

b. Measure the diameter of the circular base. Which is greater, the diameter or the circumference? how many times greater?
c. Compare your answers in part(b) with the rest of the class. What do you notice?
d. Without measuring, how can you find the circumference of a circle with a given diameter? Use your method to estimate the circumference of the circle in Exploration 1.

Answer:
a. The circumference of the circle = 2πr
b. The circumference of the circle is 3.14 times greater than the diameter of the circle.
c. The circumference of the circle is greater than the diameter of the circle.
d. The diameter of the circle = 2r and the circumference of the circle = 2πr

Explanation:
a. The circumference of the circle = 2πr
b. The circumference of the circle is 3.14 times greater than the diameter of the circle.
c. The circumference of the circle is greater than the diameter of the circle.
d. The diameter of the circle = 2r and the circumference of the circle = 2πr

Try It

Question 1.
The diameter of a circle is 16 centimeters. Find the radius.

Answer:
radius = 8 cm

Explanation:
The diameter of the circle = 2r
16 = 2r
r = 8 cm

Question 2.
The radius of a circle is 9 yards. Find the diameter.

Answer:
The diameter = 18 yds

Explanation:
The diameter of the circle = 2r
diameter = 2 x 9
r = 18 yds

Find the circumference of the object. Use 3.14 or \(\frac{22}{7}\) for π.
Question 3.

Answer:
circumference = 12.56 cm

Explanation:
circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 2 where r = 2cm given
circle = 6.28 x 2
circle = 12.56 cm

Question 4.

Answer:
circumference =43.96 square feet

Explanation:
circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 7 where r = 7 ft given
circle = 6.28 x 7
circle = 43.96 square feet

Question 5.

Answer:
circumference =28.26 square in

Explanation:
circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 4.5 where r = 4.5 is given
circle = 6.28 x 4.5
circle =28.26 in

Find the perimeter of the semicircular region.
Question 6.

Answer:
perimeter of the semicircle =  5.14 ft

Explanation:
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) r
perimeter = (3.14 + 2) 1 diameter = 2 given r= 1
perimeter = 5.14 feet

Question 7.

Answer:
perimeter of the semicircle =  17.99 cm

Explanation:
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) r
perimeter = (3.14 + 2) 3.5 diameter = 7 given r= 3.5
perimeter = 17.99 cm

Question 8.

Answer:
the perimeter of the semicircle =  33.14 in

Explanation:
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) r
perimeter = (3.14 + 2) 15 given r= 15
perimeter = 33.14 in

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 9.
WRITING
Are there circles for which the value of the ratio of circumference to diameter is not equal to π? Explain.

Answer:
circumference to diameter is equal to π

Explanation:
d. The diameter of the circle = 2r and the circumference of the circle = 2πr
circumference to diameter is equal to π

Question 10.
FINDING A PERIMETER
Find the perimeter of a semicircular region with a straight side that is 8 yards long.

Answer:
perimeter = 11.14 yd

Explanation:
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) r
perimeter = (3.14 + 2) 4 given r= 4
perimeter = 11.14 yd
Question 11.
DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION
Which is different? Find “both” answers.

Answer:
What is π times the radius?
What is π times the diameter?

Explanation:
the radius of the circle = (c/2 π )
the diameter of the circle =  2r
Self-Assessment for Problem Solving
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 12.
The wheels of a monster truck are 66 inches tall. Find the distance the monster truck travels when the tires make one 360-degree rotation.

Answer:
The distance = 207.35 inches

Explanation:
The wheel is in the shape of a circle.
diameter = 66 given
radius = (66/2)
radius = 33
The circumference = 2πr
c = 2 x 3.14 x 33
c = 6.28 x 33
c = 207.24 in

Question 13.
DIG DEEPER!
The radius of a dog’s collar should be at least 0.5 inch larger than the radius of the dog’s neck. A dog collar adjusts to a circumference of 10 to 14 inches. Should the collar be worn by a dog with a neck circumference of 12.5 inches? Explain.

Answer:
No, the collar should not be worn by this dog.

Explanation:
Given that the collar should be at least 0.5 inches.
dog collar adjusts to a circumference of 10 to 14 inches.

Question 14.
You resize a picture so that the radius of the midday Sun appears four times larger. How much larger does the circumference of the Sun appear? Explain.

Answer:
4 times larger

Explanation:
they said that if they resize it for 4 times.
therefore the sun appears 4 times larger.

Circles and Circumference Homework & Practice 9.1

Review & Refresh

Two jars each contain 1000 numbered tiles. The double box-and-whisker plot represents a random sample of 10 numbers from each jar.

Question 1.
Compare the samples using measures of center and variation.

Answer:
a. Jar A = median 3, starting 2.
b. Jar B = median  6, starting 2

Explanation:
In the above-given figure, the jar A is starting from 2
jar A contains median = 3
the jar B is starting from 2
jar B contains median = 6

Question 2.
Can you determine which jar contains greater numbers? Explain.

Answer:
Jar B

Explanation:
jar B contains the numbers from 4 to 9
Question 3.
Find the percent of change from 24 to 18.
A. 25% decrease
B. 25% increase
C. 75% increase
D. 75% decrease

Answer:
option A is correct

Explanation:
if the percent of jar changes from 24 to 18
the decrease in the percent = 25

Concepts, Skills, & Problem Solving
EXPLORING DIAMETER AND CIRCUMFERENCE Estimate the circumference of the circular base of the object. (See Exploration 2, p. 361.)
Question 4.
tube of lip balm with radius 0.5 mm

Answer:
c = 3.14 mm

Explanation:
circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 0.5 where r = 0.5 mm given
circle = 6.28 x 0.5
circle =3.14 mm

Question 5.
D battery with radius 0.65 in.

Answer:
c = 4.082 in

Explanation:
circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 0.65 where r = 0.65 ingiven
circle = 6.28 x 0.65
circle =4.082 in

FINDING A RADIUS Find the radius of the button.
Question 6.

Answer:
radius =2.5 cm

Explanation:
radius = (5/2)
radius = 2.5 cm

Question 7.

Answer:
radius =14 mm

Explanation:
radius = (28/2)
radius = 14 mm

Question 8.

Answer:
radius =1.75 in

Explanation:
radius = (3.5/2)
radius = 1.75 in

FINDING A DIAMETER Find the diameter of the object.
Question 9.

Answer:
diameter = 4 in

Explanation:
diameter of the circle = 2r
where r = 2 given
d = 4 in

Question 10.

Answer:
diameter = 0.64 ft

Explanation:
diameter of the circle = 2r
where r = 0.8 given
d = 0.64 ft

Question 11.

Answer:
diameter = 1.2 cm

Explanation:
diameter of the circle = 2r
where r = 0.6 given
d = 1.2 cm

FINDING A CIRCUMFERENCE Find the circumference of the object. Use 3.14 or \(\frac{22}{7}\) for π.
Question 12.

Answer:
c = 43.96 in

Explanation:
circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 7 where r = 7 ingiven
circle = 6.28 x 7
circle =43.96 in

Question 13.

Answer:
c = 18.84 cm

Explanation:
circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 7 where r = 3 cmgiven
circle = 6.28 x 3
circle =18.84 cm

Question 14.

Answer:
c = 6.28 mm

Explanation:
circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 1where r = 1mgiven
circle = 6.28 x 1
circle =6.28 m

FINDING THE PERIMETER OF A SEMICIRCULAR REGION Find the perimeter of the window.
Question 15.

Answer:
perimeter = 7.71 ft

Explanation:
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) r
perimeter = (3.14 + 2) 1.5 given d =3 ,r = (d/2)
perimeter = 7.71 ft

Question 16.

Answer:
perimeter = 64.8 cm

Explanation:
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) r
perimeter = (3.14 + 2) 20 given  ,r = 20 cm
perimeter = 64.8 cm

ESTIMATING A RADIUS Estimate the radius of the object.
Question 17.

Answer:
Radius = 1.417 mm

Explanation:
radius of the circle = (c/2π )
r = (8.9/6.28)
r = 1.417 mm

Question 18.

Answer:
Radius = 19.426 in

Explanation:
radius of the circle = (c/2π )
r = (122/6.28)
r = 19.426 in

Question 19.
MODELING REAL LIFE
A circular sinkhole has a circumference of 75.36 meters. A week later, it has a circumference of 150.42 meters.
a. Estimate the diameter of the sinkhole each week.
b. How many times greater is the diameter of the sinkhole a week later?

Answer:
a. The diameter of the sinkhole each week = 4 in
b. 2 times greater is the diameter of the sinkhole a week later

Explanation:
a. The diameter of the sinkhole each week = 75.36 m
b. 2 times greater is the diameter of the sinkhole a week later
75.36 x 75.36 = 150.42 m
Question 20.
REASONING
Consider the circles A, B, C, and D.

a. Without calculating, which circle has the greatest circumference? Explain.
b. Without calculating, which circle has the least circumference? Explain.

Answer:
a. option D has the greatest circumference.
b. option C has the least circumference.

Explanation:
D. circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 50where r =50 ingiven
circle = 6.28 x 50
circle =314 in
Explanation:
C. circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 1where r = 1given
circle = 6.28 x1
circle = 6.28
Explanation:
A. circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 4 where r = 4given
circle = 6.28 x 4
circle = 25.12
Explanation:
A. circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 10 where r = 10given
circle = 6.28 x 10
circle = 62.8

FINDING CIRCUMFERENCES Find the circumferences of both circles.
Question 21.

Answer:
circumference of inside circle  =31.4 square cm
circumference of outside circle = 62.8  square cm

Explanation:
circumference of the inside circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 5 where r = 5 cm given
circle = 6.28 x 5
circle = 31.4 square cm
circumference of the outside circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 2 where r = 2 cm given
circle = 6.28 x 2
circle = 62.8 square cm

Question 22.

Answer:
circumference of inside circle  =28.26 ft
circumference of outside circle = 31.4 square cm

Explanation:
circumference of the inside circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 4.5 where r = 4.5 feet given
circle = 6.28 x 4.5
circle = 28.26 ft
circumference of the outsideside circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 2.5 where r = 2.5 ft given
circle = 6.28 x 2.5
circle = 15.7 square ft

Question 23.

Answer:
circumference of inside circle  =69.08  m
circumference of outside circle = 138.16 m

Explanation:
circumference of the inside circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 5.5 where r = 5.5 feet given
circle = 6.28 x 5.5
circle = 69.08 m
circumference of the outsideside circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 22 where r = 22given
circle = 6.28 x 22
circle = 138.16 m

Question 24.
MODELING REAL LIFE
A satellite is in an approximately circular orbit 36,000 kilometers from Earth’s surface. The radius of Earth is about 6400 kilometers. What is the circumference of the satellite’s orbit?

Answer:
c = 40,192 km

Explanation:
circumference of the  satellite orbit =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 6400where r = 6400kmgiven
circle = 6.28 x 6400
circle =40,192km

Question 25.
STRUCTURE
The ratio of circumference to diameter is the same for every circle. Is the ratio of circumference to radius the same for every circle? Explain.

Answer:
The ratio of circumference to radius is  same for every circle.

Explanation:
c/r = 2πr/r
where r get canceled in both numerator and denominator.
c/r = 2π
radius = (c/2π)
the radius is same for every circle.

Question 26.
PROBLEM SOLVING
A wire is bent to form four semicircles. How long is the wire? Justify your answer.

Answer:
The wire is 128 cm long

Explanation:
Given that the four semicircles are 32 cm
32 + 32 + 32 + 32 = 64

Question 27.
CRITICAL THINKING
Explain how to draw a circle with a circumference of π² inches. Then draw the circle.

Answer:

Explanation:
circumference of circle = 2πr
c = π²

Question 28.
DIG DEEPER!
“Lines” of latitude on Earth are actually circles. The Tropic of Cancer is the northernmost line of latitude at which the Sun appears directly overhead at noon. The Tropic of Cancer has a radius of 5854 kilometers.
To qualify for an around-the-world speed record, a pilot must cover a distance no less than the circumference of the Tropic of Cancer, cross all meridians, and land on the same air field where the flight began.

a. What is the minimum distance that a pilot must fly to qualify for an around-the-world speed record?
b. RESEARCH Estimate the time it will take for a pilot to qualify for the speed record. Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
a. The minimum distance that a pilot must fly to qualify for an around the world-speed record = 18.3376 km
b. The pilot will take for the speed record = 18.3376 km

Explanation:
a. The minimum distance that a pilot must fly to qualify for an around the world-speed record = 18.3376 km
b. The pilot will take for the speed record = 18.3376 km
Question 29.
PROBLEM SOLVING
Bicycles in the late 1800s looked very different than they do today.

a. How many rotations does each tire make after traveling 600 feet? Round your answers to the nearest whole number.
b. Would you rather ride a bicycle made with two large wheels or two small wheels? Explain.

Answer:
a. The rotations each tire make after traveling 600 feet = 188.4 in in
b. two large wheels = 376.8 in
two small wheels = 113.04 in

Explanation:
the rotations each tire make after travelling = 2 x 3.14 x 30  = 188.4 in
b. two large wheels = 188.4 x 2 = 376.8 in
for two small wheels = 113.04 in

Question 30.
LOGIC
The length of the minute hand is 150% of the length of the hour hand.

a. What distance will the tip of the minute hand move in 45 minutes? Justify your answer.
b. In 1 hour, how much farther does the tip of the minute hand move than the tip of the hour hand? Explain how you found your answer.

Answer:
The distance will the tip of minute hand move in 45 minutes = 140 %
b. the tip of the minute hand moves 60 times faster than hour hand.

Explanation:
The distance will the tip of minute hand move in 45 minutes = 140 %
b. the tip of the minute hand moves 60 times faster than hour hand.

Lesson 9.2 Areas of Circles

EXPLORATION 1

Estimating the Area of a Circle
Work with a partner. Each grid contains a circle with a diameter of 4 centimeters. Use each grid to estimate the area of the circle. Which estimate should be closest to the actual area? Explain.

Answer:
Area of 1st circle = 200.96 cm
Area of 2nd circle =803.84 cm
Area of 3rd circle =3215.36 cm

Explanation:
area of 1st circle = πr x r
area = 3.14 x 8 x 8
a = 200.96 cm
area of 2nd circle = πr x r
area= 3.14 x 16 x 16
a = 803.84 cm
area of 3rd circle = πr x r
area= 3.14 x 32 x 32
a = 3215.36
EXPLORATION 2

Writing a Formula for the Area of a Circle
Work with a partner. A student draws a circle with radius and divides the circle into 24 equal sections. The student cuts out each section and arranges the sections to form a shape that resembles a parallelogram.

a. Use the diagram to write a formula for the area of a circle in terms of the radius r. Explain your reasoning.Describe the relationship between the radius and the area of a circle.
b. Use the formula to check your estimates in Exploration 1.

Answer:
a. the area of the circle = 1808.64
b. the area of the circle in terms of radius r = 0.0084 cm

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 24 x 24
a = 1808.64 cm
The radius of the circle = (c/2 π)
circumference = 2πr
c = 2 x 3.14 x 24
c = 150.72 cm
area = (150.72/6.28)
area = 0.0084 cm

Try It
Question 1.
Find the area of a circle with a radius of 6 feet. Use 3.14 for π.

Answer:
The area  of circle = 113.04 sq ft

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 6 x 6
a = 113.04 square feet
Question 2.
Find the area of a circle with a diameter of 28 meters.Use \(\frac{22}{7}\) for π.

Answer:
The area  of circle = 175.84 sq meters

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 14 x 14 where d = 28 so r = 14
a = 175.84 square meters

Find the area of the semicircle.
Question 3.

Answer:
Area of semicircle =62.07 sq cm

Explamation:
Area of semicircle =( π+r x r/2)
area =( 3.14 +121/2)
area =(121.14/2)
area = 62.07 sq cm

Question 4.

Answer:
Area of semicircle =9.57 sqm

Explamation:
Area of semicircle =( π+r x r/2)
area =( 3.14 +16/2)
area =(19.14/2)
area = 9.57 sq m

Question 5.

Answer:
Area of semicircle =4.695 sq yd

Explanation:
Area of semicircle =( π+r x r/2)
area =( 3.14 +6.25/2)
area =(9.39/2)
area = 4.695 sq yd

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 6.
ESTIMATING AN AREA
The grid contains a circle with a diameter of 2 centimeters. Use the grid to estimate the area of the circle. How can you change the grid to improve your estimate? Explain.

Answer:
The area  of circle = 50.24 sq centi meters

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 4 x 4 where d = 8 so r = 4
a = 50.24 square centimeters

Question 7.
WRITING
Explain the relationship between the circumference and area of a circle.

Answer:
The area  of circle = πr x r
circumference of circle = 2πr

Explanation:
The circumference of the circle is 2 times greater than the area of the circle.
The area  of circle = πr x r
circumference of circle = 2πr

Question 8.
DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION
Which is different? Find “both” answers.

Answer:
What is area of a circle with a radius of 100 cm?
What is the area of a circle with a radius  of 500 mm?

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
area = 3.14 x 100 x 100
area = 31400 sq cm
The area  of circle = πr x r
area = 3.14 x 500 x 500
area = 785000 sq mm
Self-Assessment for Problem Solving
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 9.
A local event planner wants to cover a circular region with mud for an obstacle course. The region has a circumference of about 157 feet. The cost to cover 1 square foot with mud is $1.50. Approximate the cost to cover the region with mud.

Answer:
Cost to cover =

Question 10.
DIG DEEPER!
A manufacturer recommends that you use a frying pan with a radius that is within 1 inch of the radius of your stove top burner. The area of the bottom of your frying pan is 25π square inches. The circumference of your cook top burner is 9π inches. Does your frying pan meet the manufacturer’s recommendation?

Answer:
no the frying pan does not meet the manufacture

Explanation:
Given that frying pan has radius = 1 inch
area of frying pan = 25π square inches
circumference = 9π  inches

Areas of Circles Homework & Practice 9.2

Review & Refresh

Find the circumference of the object. Use 3.14 or \(\frac{22}{7}\) for π.
Question 1.

Answer:
c = 28.26cm

Explanation:
circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 4.5where r = 4.5cmgiven
circle = 6.28 x 4.5
circle =28.26 cm

Question 2.

Answer:
c = 21.98 sq in

Explanation:
circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 3.5where r = 3.5ingiven
circle = 6.28 x 3.5
circle =21.98 sq in

You spin the spinner shown.

Question 3.
How many possible outcomes are there?

Answer:
3 possible outcomes

Explanation:
There are 3 possible outcomes.
3 numbers are there in the spin.

Question 4.
In how many ways can spinning an odd number occur?

Answer:
2 ways the spinning an odd number occur.

Explanation:
There are 2 possible ways that the odd numbers can occur.

Concepts, Skills, & Problem Solving
ESTIMATING AN AREA Use the grid to estimate the area of the circle. (See Exploration 1, p. 369.)

Question 5.
diameter of 3 centimeters

Answer:
area of the circle = 6.75 sq cm

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
area = 3.14 x 1.5 x 1.5
area = 6.75 sq cm

Question 6.
diameter of 1.6 inches

Answer:
area of the circle = 141.41 sq in

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
area = 3.14 x 6.4 x 6.4
area = 141.41 sq in

FINDING AN AREA Find the area of the circle. Use 3.14 or \(\frac{22}{7}\) for π.
Question 7.

Answer:
The area  of circle = 254.34 sq milli meters

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 4 x 4 where d = 8 so r = 4
a = 254.34 square millimeters

Question 8.

Answer:
The area  of circle = 615.44 sq centi meters

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 14 x 14 where r = 14
a = 615.44 square centimeters

Question 9.

Answer:
The area  of circle = 314 sq inches

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 10 x 10 where r = 10
a = 314 square inches

Question 10.

Answer:
The area  of circle = 7.065 sq inches

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 1.5 x 1.5 where r = 1.5
a = 7.065 square inches

Question 11.

Answer:
The area  of circle = 3.14 sq cm

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 1 x 1 where r = 1
a = 3.14 square cm

Question 12.

Answer:
area  of circle = 1.76625sq ft

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 0.75 x 0.75 where r = 0.75
a = 1.76625 square ft

Question 13.
YOU BE THE TEACHER
Your friend finds the area of a circle with a diameter of 7 meters. Is your friend correct? Explain.

Answer:
No, my friend is not correct.

Explanation:
The area  of circle = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 3.5 x 3.5 where r = 0.75
a = 38.465 square meters
Question 14.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The diameter of a flour tortilla is 12 inches. What is the total area of two tortillas?

Answer:
The area  of tortilla = 226.08 sq inches

Explanation:
The area  of tortilla = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 6 x 6 where r = 6
a = 113.04 square inches
for 2 tortilla = 226.08 sq inches

Question 15.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The diameter of a coaster is 7 centimeters. What is the total area of five coasters?

Answer:
The  total area  of coaster = 192.325 cm

Explanation:
The area  of tortilla = πr x r
a = 3.14 x 3.5 x 3.5 where r = 3.5
a = 38.465 square cm
for 5 tortilla = 192.325 centimeters

Question 16.
PROBLEM SOLVING
The HillsboroInlet Lighthouse lights up how much more area than the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse?

Answer:
The HillsboroInlet Lighthouse lights are 2 times greater than the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse.

Explanation:
Hillsboro inlet Lighthouse = 3.14 x 28 x 28
area = 2,461.76 sq mi
jupiter inlet Lighthouse = 3.14 x 18 x 18
area = 1,017.36 sq mi

FINDING THE AREA OF A SEMICIRCLE Find the area of the semicircle.
Question 17.

Answer:
Area of semicircle = 628 sq cm

Explanation:
Area of semicircle =( π+r x r/2)
area =( 3.14 +400/2)
area =(403.14/2)
area = 628 sq cm

Question 18.

Answer:
Area of semicircle =201.57 sq cm

Explanation:
Area of semicircle =( π+r x r/2)
area =( 3.14 +400/2)
area =(403.14/2)
area = 201.57 sq cm

Question 19.

Answer:
Area of semicircle =1.57 sq ft

Explanation:
Area of semicircle =( π+r x r/2)
area =( 3.14 +1/2)
area =(3.14/2)
area = 1.57 sq ft

Question 20.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The plate for a microscope has a circumference of 100π millimeters. What is the area of the plate?

Answer:
Area of the plate = 200π mm

Explanation:
Area of the plate = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 200 x 200

Question 21.
MODELING REAL LIFE
A dog is leashed to the corner of a house. How much running area does the dog have? Explain how you found your answer.

Answer:
Area of the circle = 942 sq ft

Explanation:
Area of the circle = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 20 x 20
area = 942 sq ft
The running area is 3/4 the area of a circle with a radius of 20 feet.

Question 22.
REASONING
Target A has a circumference of 20 feet. Target B has a diameter of 3 feet. Both targets are the same distance away. Which target is easier to hit? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
Target B is easier to hit

Explanation:
Target A =2  π x r
A  = 2 x 3.14 x 3.18
A = 19.9704

Target B = 1.5

Question 23.
DIG DEEPER!
A circular oil spill has a radius of 2 miles. After a day, the radius of the oil spill increases by 3 miles. By how many square miles does the area of the oil spill increase?

Answer:
The area of oil spill increases by 65.94 miles.

Explanation:
Given that the circular oil spill has a radius of 2 miles.
The radius of the oil spill increases by 65.94 sq miles.

Question 24.
FINDING AN AREA
Find the area of the circle in square yards.

Answer:
Area of the circle = 7.057935 sq yd

Explanation:
Area of the circle = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 4.5 x 4.5
area = 63.585 sq ft
area = 7.057935 sq yd

Question 25.
REPEATED REASONING
What happens to the circumference and the area of a circle when you double the radius? triple the radius? Justify your answer.

Answer:
If we double the radius ,area  = π x r x r x r x r
If we double the radius, circumference  = 2πr x r x r
If we triple the radius ,area  = π x r x r x r x r x r
If we triple the radius, circumference  = 2πr x r x r x r x r

Explanation:
circumference doubles and area quadruples;
circumference triples and area is 9 times greater;
double the radius: circumference = 2π2r = 4πr
4πr /2πr  = 2 times larger, area =π (2r) x r =4πrx r
4πrx r/ πrx r = 4 times larger.

Question 26.
CRITICAL THINKING
Is the area of a semicircle with a diameter of x greater than, less than, or equal to the area of a circle with a diameter of \(\frac{1}{2}\)x? Explain.

Answer:
The area of a semicircle with a diameter of x is greater than the area of a circle with a diameter of (0.5)

Explanation:
Area of semicircle = (3.14 + (0.5 x 0.5)/2)
area = 1.695
Area of circle = (3.14 x 0.5 x 0.5)
area = 0.785

Lesson 9.3 Perimeters and Areas of Composite Figures

EXPLORATION 1

Submitting a Bid
Work with a partner. You want to bid on a project for the pool shown. The project involves ordering and installing the brown tile that borders the pool, and ordering a custom-made tarp to cover the surface of the pool. In the figure, each grid square represents 1 square foot. You pay $5 per linear foot for the tile.

• You pay $4 per square foot for the tarp.
• It takes you about 15 minutes to install each foot of tile.

a. Estimate the total cost for the tile and the tarp.
b. Write a bid for how much you will charge for the project.Include the hourly wage you will receive.Estimate your total profit.

Answer:

Try It

Question 1.
Estimate the perimeter and the area of the figure.

Answer:
50.24 sq mm

Explanation:
The above-given figure is about  50.24 sq mm
Question 2.
Find the perimeter and the area of the figure.

Answer:
perimeter of the figure = 3.16 sq in
area of the figure = 3.14 sq in

Explanation:
perimeter of the semicircle = ( π + 2) r
p = (3.14 + 2 ) 1
p = 3.16 in
area of the figure = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 1 x1
area = 3.14 in

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 3.
ESTIMATING PERIMETER AND AREA
Estimate the perimeter and area of the figure at the right.

Answer:
The perimeter  and area = 30 ft
area =  π  x r x r

Explanation:

The perimeter = ( π + 2) r
area =  π  x r x r

Question 4.
FINDING PERIMETER AND AREA
Identify the shapes that make up the figure at the left. Then find the perimeter and area of the figure.

Answer:
The perimeter = 9.48 sq ft
area =  27.36 sq ft

Explanation:
The perimeter = ( π + 2) r
perimeter = 3.14 +2 x 3
perimeter = 9.48 sq ft
area = 3.14 x 3 x 3
area = 27.36 sq feet

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 5.
A farmer wants to seed and fence a section of land. Fencing costs $27 per yard. Grass seed costs $2 per square foot. How much does it cost to fence and seed the pasture?

Answer:
1 m

Explanation:
Given that farmer has the fencing cost = $ 27
seed cost = $ 2
5.10 $ is used to cost for  grass seed
$ 27 is used to fence = 1 m

Question 6.
DIG DEEPER!
In each room shown, you plan to put down carpet and add a wallpaper border around the ceiling. Which room needs more carpeting? more wallpaper?

Answer:
Room A needs more carpeting.

Explanation:
Room A =  10 x 11
where length = 11 , breadth = 10 given
Room A = 110
Room B = 12 x 8
B = 96

Perimeters and Areas of Composite Figures Homework & Practice 9.3

Review & Refresh

Find the area of the circle. Use 3.14 or \(\frac{22}{7}\) for π.
Question 1.

Answer:
Area of the circle = 50.24 sq mm

Explanation:
Area of the circle = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 4 x 4
area = 3.14 x 16
area = 50.24 sq mm

Question 2.

Answer:
Area of the circle = 63.585 sq ft

Explanation:
Area of the plate = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 4.5 x 4.5
area = 3.14 x
area = 63.585 sq ft

Find the missing dimension. Use the scale 1 : 5.

Answer:
3. Height = 30 ft
4. Length = 6 ft
5. Depth = 100 cm
6. Diameter = 2 in

Explanation:
3. house : height = 6 ft , height = 30 ft given that scale = 1 : 5
4. garden hose : length = 6 ft , length = 20 yd
4. fountain : depth = 20 cm, depth = 100 cm
5. bicycle wheel :  = diameter = 2 in  diameter = 2 ft

Concepts, Skills, & Problem Solving

ESTIMATING PERIMETER AND AREA You build a patio with a brick border. (See Exploration 1, p. 375.)

Question 7.
Estimate the perimeter of the patio.

Answer:
The perimeter of a patio = 24 units

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the perimeter of the patio = 24

Question 8.
Estimate the area of the patio.

Answer:
area of the patio = π r

ESTIMATING PERIMETER AND AREA Estimate the perimeter and the area of the shaded figure.
Question 9.

Answer:
Perimeter = 19.5 units
area =13.5 units

Explanation:
given figure is trapezoid
Perimeter = a + b + c + d
area =( (a + b) x h /2)

Question 10.

Answer:
area =(  3 √ 3/2) a square
perimeter = 6 a

Explanation:
given figure is hexagon
area =(  3 √ 3/2) a square
perimeter = 6 a

Question 11.

Answer:
The perimeter = 24.6 units
Area of the plate = 41.1 sq units

Explanation:
given figure is semicircle
The perimeter = ( π + 2) r
Area of the plate = π x  r x r

Question 12.

Answer:
Perimeter = a + b + c + d
area =( (a + b) x h /2)

Explanation:
given figure is trapezoid
Perimeter = a + b + c + d
area =( (a + b) x h /2)

Question 13.

Answer:
Perimeter = 19 units
area = 24  squnits

Explanation:
given figure is pentagon
Perimeter = 5 a
area = (  perimeter x apotherm /2 )

Question 14.

Answer:
Perimeter = a + b + c
area = (  height x breadth /2 )

Explanation:
given figure is triangle
Perimeter = a + b + c
area = (  height x breadth /2 )

FINDING PERIMETER AND AREA Find the perimeter and the area of the figure.
Question 15.

Answer:
area = 137 sq m
perimeter = 56 m

Explanation:
area of the rectangle = l x w
l = length, w = width
area = 12 x 11
area = 137 sq m
perimeter of the rectangle = 2 ( l + w)
perimeter = 2 (28)
perimeter = 56 m

Question 16.

Answer:
area = 114.07 sq ft
perimeter = 47.4 sq ft

Explanation:
Area of semicircle =( π+r x r/2)
area =( 3.14 +225/2)
area =(228.14/2)
area = 114.07 sq ft
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) r
perimeter = (3.14 + 2) 15 given r= 15
perimeter = 3.16 x 15
perimeter = 47.4 sq ft

Question 17.

Answer:
area = 49.5 cm
perimeter = 29 cm

Explanation:
area of the rectangle = l x w
l = length, w = width
area = 7 x 7
area = 49 cm
perimeter of the rectangle = 2 ( l + w)
perimeter = 2 (14)
perimeter = 29 cm

Question 18.
YOU BE THE TEACHER
Your friend finds the perimeter of the figure. Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
Yes my friend is correct.

Explnation:
perimeter = length + side +  height + breadth + width + base
p = 4 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 4 + 5
p = 25 in

Question 19.
LOGIC
A running track has six lanes. Explain why the starting points for the six runners are staggered. Draw a diagram as part of your explanation.

Answer:

Explanation:
The starting points for the six runners are staggered because each runner can run the same distance.

Explanation:
The starting points are staggered so that each runner can run the same distance and use the same finish line.
this is necessary because the circumference is different for each lane.
the above-diagram shows this because the diameter is greater n the outer lanes.

Question 20.
PROBLEM SOLVING
You run around the perimeter of the baseball field at a rate of 9 feet per second. How long does it take you to run around the baseball field?

Answer:
It take to run around the baseball field = 1,58,962.5 sq feet

Explanation:
The area of the circle = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 225 x 225
area = 1,58,962.5 sq feet

Question 21.
STRUCTURE
The figure at the right is made up of a square and a rectangle. Find the area of the shaded region.

Answer:
The area of the shaded region =24 sq m

Ex planation:
Area of triangle = ( b x h )/2
area =( 8 x 7)/ 2
area = 48/2
area = 24 sq m
Question 22.
DIG DEEPER!
Your friend makes a two-dimensional model of a dividing cell as shown. The total area of the dividing cell is 350 square inches. What is the area of the shaded region?

Answer:
The area of the shaded region = 1.89 sq in

Explanation :
area of semicircle = (π + r x r/2)
area = (3.14 + 64/2)
area = ( 3.78 / 2)
area = 1.89 sq in
Question 23.
CRITICAL THINKING
How can you add a figure to a composite figure without increasing its perimeter? Can this be done for all figures? Draw a diagram to support your answer.

Answer:

Explanation:
The perimeter does not increases.

Lesson 9.4 Constructing Polygons

EXPLORATION 1

Using Technology to Draw Polygons
Work with a partner.
a. Use geometry software to draw each polygon with the given side lengths or angle measures, if possible. Complete the table.

b. Without constructing, how can you tell whether it is possible to draw a triangle given three angle measures? three side lengths? Explain your reasoning.
c. Without constructing, how can you tell whether it is possible to draw a quadrilateral given four angle measures? four side lengths? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
b. Yes it is possible to draw a triangle with the given three angles measures, three side lengths.
c. yes it is possible to draw a quadrilateral with the given 4 angle measures, four side lengths.

Explanation:
1. given that sides = 4 cm , 6 cm , 7cm

2. given that sides = 2 cm , 3 cm , 3 cm, 5 cm

Try It

Draw a triangle with the given angle measures, if possible.
Question 1.
45°, 45°, 90°

Answer:

Explanation:
The above triangle is an equilateral triangle.
it forms with the given angles 45°, 45°, 90°.

Question 2.
100°, 55°, 25°

Answer:

Explanation:
The above triangle is scalene  triangle.
it forms with the given angles 100°, 55°, 25°.

Question 3.
60°, 60°, 80°

Answer:

Explanation:
The above triangle is an equilateral triangle.
it forms with the given angles60°, 60°, 80°

Question 4.
Draw a triangle with side lengths of 1 inch and 2 inches that meet at a 60° angle.

Answer:

Explanation:
The above triangle is a scalene triangle.
it forms with the given angles 60° , 1 inch and 2 inch.

Draw a triangle with the given side lengths, if possible.
Question 5.
2 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm

Answer:

Explanation:
given the sides of a triangle 2cm , 2 cm , 5 cm

Question 6.
4 cm, 3 cm, 3 cm

Answer:

Explanation:
given that 2 sides are same and one side is different.

Question 7.
1 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm

Answer:

Draw a quadrilateral with the given angle measures, if possible.
Question 8.
100°, 90°, 65°, 105°

Answer:

Explanation:
The quadrilateral formed with the given angles 100°, 90°, 65°, 105°.

Question 9.
100°, 40°, 20°, 20°

Answer:

Explanation:
The quadrilateral formed with the given angles 100°, 40°, 20°, 20°.

Question 9.

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

DRAWING POLYGONS Draw a polygon with the given side lengths or angle measures, if possible.
Question 10.
25 mm, 36 mm, 38 mm

Answer:

Explanation:
The polygon formed with the given sides is a triangle.

Question 11.
10°, 15°, 155°

Answer:

Explanation:
The polygon formed with the given sides is a triangle.

Question 12.
20°, 45°, 50°, 65°

Answer:

Explanation:
The polygon formed with the given sides is a  hexagon.

Question 9.
100°, 40°, 20°, 20°

Answer:

Explanation:
The polygon formed with the given sides is a  hexagon.
Question 9.
100°, 40°, 20°, 20°
Answer:

Question 9.
100°, 40°, 20°, 20°
Answer:

Explanation:
The polygon formed with the given sides is a  quadrilateral.

Question 13.
50°, 90°, 110°, 110°

Answer:

Question 14.
USING SIDE LENGTH
Can you construct one, many, or triangle(s) with side lengths of 3 inches, 4 inches, and 8 inches? Explain.
Answer:
We can construct only one triangle

Explanation:
Given the side lengths of 3 inches, 4 inches, and 8 inches.

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 15.
A triangular pen has fence lengths of 6 feet, 8 feet, and 10 feet. Create a scale drawing of the pen.
Answer:

Question 16.
The front of a cabin is the shape of a triangle. The angles of the triangle are 40°, 70°, and 70°. Can you determine the height of the cabin? If not, what information do you need?
Answer:

Question 17.
DIG DEEPER!
Two rooftops have triangular patios. One patio has side lengths of 9 meters,10 meters, and 11 meters.e other has side lengths of 6 meters,10 meters, and 15 meters. Which patio has a greater area? Explain.

Answer:
The patio which has a side length of 6 meters, 10 meters, and 15 meters.

Explanation:
The patio has a greater side length.

Constructing Polygons Homework & Practice 9.4

Review & Refresh

Find the perimeter and area of the figure.
Question 1.

Answer:
area = 12 in
perimeter = 14 in

Explanation:
area of the rectangle = l x w
l = length, w = width
area = 4 x 3
area = 12 in
perimeter of the rectangle = 2 ( l + w)
perimeter = 2 (7)
perimeter = 14 in

Question 2.

Answer:

perimeter of the figure = 9.48 sq cm
area of the figure = 28.26 sq cm

Explanation:
perimeter of the semicircle = ( π + 2) r
p = (3.14 + 2 ) 3
p = 9.48 cm
area of the figure = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 3 x3
area = 28.26 sq cm

Use a tree diagram to find the sample space and the total number of possible outcomes of the indicated event.

Question 3.
choosing a toothbrush

Answer:
Extra soft, soft, Medium

Explanation:
In the above given figure the strength of the toothbrush = extra soft , soft , meedium

Question 4.

Answer:
The size of the toy hop is small, medium , large.

Explanation:
given that the colour of the toy hoop is blue , green , orange, pink, purple , yellow.

Concepts, Skills, & Problem Solving

USING TECHNOLOGY TO DRAW POLYGONS Use geometry software to draw the polygon with the given side lengths or angle measures, if possible. (See Exploration 1, p. 381.)
Question 5.
30°, 65°, 85°
Answer:

Question 6.
2 in., 3 in., 5 in.
Answer:

Question 7.
80°, 90°, 100°, 110°
Answer:
Not possible.

Question 8.
2 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, 5 cm
Answer:

CONSTRUCTING TRIANGLES USING ANGLE MEASURES Draw a triangle with the given angle measures, if possible.
Question 9.
40°, 50°, 90°
Answer:

Question 10.
20°, 40°, 120°
Answer:

Question 11.
38°, 42°, 110°
Answer:

Question 12.
54°, 60°, 66°
Answer:

Question 13.
YOU BE THE TEACHER
Your friend determines whether he can draw a triangle with angle measures of 10°, 40°, and 130°. Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
Yes .

Explanation:
yes we cannot draw the triangle with the angle measures of 10, 40, 130

CONSTRUCTING TRIANGLES USING ANGLES AND SIDES Draw a triangle with the given description.
Question 14.
side lengths of 1 inch and 2 inches meet at a 50° angle
Answer:
yes.

Explanation:
we can draw a triangle with 1 inch 2 inch that meets at  50 degrees.

Question 15.
side lengths of 7 centimeters and 9 centimeters meet at a 120° angle
Answer:
yes.

Explanation:
we can draw a triangle with 7 cm 9 cm that meets at  120 degrees.

Question 16.
a 95° angle connects to a 15° angle by a side of length 2 inches
Answer:
no.

Explanation:
we cannot draw a triangle with 2 inches 15 degrees that meets at  120 degrees.

Question 17.
a 70° angle connects to a 70° angle by a side of length 4 centimeters
Answer:
yes.

Explanation:
we can draw an angle with 4 cm  70 degrees that meets at  120 degrees.

CONSTRUCTING TRIANGLES USING SIDE LENGTHS Draw a triangle with the given side lengths, if possible.
Question 18.
4 in., 5 in., 10 in.
Answer:

Question 19.
10 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm
Answer:

Question 20.
5 cm, 5 cm, 8 cm
Answer:

Question 21.
8 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm
Answer:

Question 22.
MODELING REAL LIFE
Can you construct a triangular case using two pieces of wood that are 12 inches long and one piece of wood that is 25 inches long? Explain.
Answer:
Yes we can construct a triangle .

Explanation:
We can costruct the triangle by using two pieces of wood that are 12 inches long and the one piece of wood is 25 inches.

Question 23.
MODELING REAL LIFE
Can you construct a warning triangle using three pieces of plastic that are each 6 inches long? Explain.

Answer:
Yes.

Explanation:
we can construct the three pieces of plastic by using 3 6 inches long.

Question 24.
LOGIC
You are constructing a triangle. You draw the first angle, as shown. Your friend says that you must be constructing an acute triangle. Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
Yes my friend is correct.

Explanation:
it is a acute angle triangle.

USING ANGLES AND SIDES Determine whether you can construct one, many, or no triangle(s) with the given description. Explain your reasoning.
Question 25.
a triangle with one angle measure of 60and one side length of 4 centimeters
Answer:

Explanation:
we cannot construct one trinangle with the help of given sidelengths.

Question 26.
a scalene triangle with side lengths of 3 centimeters and 7 centimeters
Answer:

Question 27.
an isosceles triangle with two side lengths of 4 inches that meet at an 80° angle
Answer:

Question 28.
a triangle with one angle measure of 60°, one angle measure of 70°, and a side length of 10 centimeters between the two angles
Answer:

Question 29.
a triangle with one angle measure of 20°, one angle measure of 35°, and a side of length 3 inches that is between the two angles
Answer:

Question 29.
REASONING
A triangle is shown.

a. Construct a triangle with side lengths twice those of the triangle shown. Does the new triangle have the same angle measures?
b. How can you change the side lengths of the triangle so that the measure of ∠A increases?
Answer:
a. Yes the new triangle have the same angle.
b. angle A increases .

Explanation:
Given that the triangle with side lengths twice those of the triangle shown.
If we can change the side lengths of triangle .

CONSTRUCTING QUADRILATERALS Draw a quadrilateral with the given angle measures, if possible.
Question 31.
60°, 60°, 120°, 120°
Answer:

Question 32.
50°, 60°, 110°, 150°
Answer:

Question 33.
20°, 30°, 150°, 160°
Answer:

Question 34.
10°, 10°, 10°, 150°
Answer:

Explanation:
Given angles are 10 degrees, 10 degrees, 10 degrees, 10 degrees.

CONSTRUCTING SPECIAL QUADRILATERALS Construct a quadrilateral with the given description.
Question 35.
a rectangle with side lengths of 1 inch and 2 inches
Answer:

Question 36.
a kite with side lengths of 4 centimeters and 7 centimeters
Answer:

Question 37.
a trapezoid with base angles of 40°
Answer:
Answer

Question 38.
a rhombus with side lengths of 10 millimeters
Answer:

Question 39.
REASONING
A quadrilateral has side lengths of 6 units, 2 units, and 3 units as shown. How many quadrilaterals can be formed given a fourth side with a fixed length? Explain.

Answer:
2 quadrilaterals can be formed.

Explanation:
Given that the quadrilateral has side lengths of 6 units, 2 units, and 3 units.
so 2 quadrilaterals can be formed.

Question 40.
REASONING
What types of quadrilaterals can you form using four side lengths of 7 units? Use drawings to support your conclusion.
Answer:

Question 41.
MODELING REAL LIFE
A triangular section of a farm is enclosed by fences that are 2 meters, 6 meters, and 7 meters long. Estimate the area of the section.
Answer:
Area of the section = 12 sq meters.

Question 42.
MODELING REAL LIFE
A chemical spill expert sets up a triangular caution zone using cones. Cones A and B are 14 meters apart. Cones B and C are 22 meters apart. Cones A and C are 34 meters apart. Estimate the area of the caution zone.

Answer:
Area of the area of the caution Zone = 308 sq meters.

Explanation:
Area of the triangle = l x b
area = 22 x 14
area = 308 sq meters.

Question 43.
MODELING REAL LIFE
A search region is in the shape of an equilateral triangle. The measure of one side of the region is 20 miles. Make a scale drawing of the search region. Estimate the area of the search region.
Answer:

Explanation:
Given that the equilateral triangle .

Question 44.
REASONING
A triangle has fixed side lengths of 2 and 14.
a. How many triangles can you construct? Use the figure below to explain your reasoning.

b. Is the unknown side length of the triangle also fixed? Explain.
Answer:
We can construct 14 triangles.
b. No the side length of the triangle cannot fixed.

Explanation:
a. We can construct 14 triangles.
b. No the side length of the triangl cannot fixed.

Lesson 9.5 Finding Unknown Angle Measures

EXPLORATION 1

Using Rules About Angles
Work with a partner. The diagram shows pairs of angles and vertical angles. Vertical angles cannot be adjacent.

a. Which pair(s) of angles are adjacent angles? Explain.
b. Which pair(s) of angles are vertical angles? Explain.
c. Without using a protractor, find the values of x, y, and z. Explain your reasoning.
d. Make a conjecture about the measures of any two vertical angles.
e. Test your conjecture in part(d) using the diagram below. Explain why your conjecture is or is not true.

Answer:
A. ∠ACD, ∠AEB
b. ∠ACD, ∠AEB
c. 125
d. ∠ACD, ∠AEB

Try It

Question 1.
Name a pair of (a) adjacent angles, (b) complementary angles, (c) supplementary angles, and (d) vertical angles in the figure.

Answer:
a. ∠JKL, ∠JKQ, . ∠MNJ,. ∠PJN
b. ∠JKQ
c. ∠JNK, ∠ JPL. ∠JMQ
D. ∠JMQ, ∠JPL.

Explanation:
The above angles are adjacent, vertical, supplementary,complementary.

Classify the pair of angles. Then find the value of x.
Question 2.

Answer:
x = 95 ˚

Explanation:
x = (180 – 85)
x = 95 ˚

Question 3.

Answer:
x =  180 ˚

Explanation:
x = 180 ˚

Question 4.

Answer:
x = 30 ˚

Explanation:
(2x – 3) = 60
2x = (60/3)
2x = 20
x = 10

Find the measure of the indicated angle in the diagram.

Question 5.
∠NJM
Answer:
12 x ˚

Question 6.
∠KJP
Answer:
16 x ˚

Question 7.
∠KJM
Answer:
6x ˚

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 8.
NAMING ANGLES
Name a pair of (a) adjacent angles, (b) complementary angles, (c) supplementary angles, and (d) vertical angles in the figure at the left.

Answer:
a. ∠ABC
b. ∠ABD
c. ∠ABE
d. ∠ABE

Explanation:
The above angles are adjacent, vertical, supplementary,complementary.

FINDING ANGLE MEASURES Find the value of x.
Question 9.

Answer:
x = 60˚

Explanation:
4x = x
4x – x = 180
3x = 180
x = 60˚

Question 10.

Answer:
x = 12.5˚

Explanation:
2x  – 10= 2x + 40
4x  = 50
x = 12.5˚

Question 11.
WHICH ONE DOESN’T BELONG?
Which pair of angles does not belong with the other three? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
∠FBA, ∠EBD does not belong with the other three.

Explanation:
the 3 angles are different measures,

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving
Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

Question 12.
What is the angle between any two windmill blades in the windmill at the left? Justify your answer.

Answer:
The angle between any two wind mills blades in the windmill at the left = 60 °

Explanation:
60 + 60 + 60 = 180

Question 13.
A hockey puck strikes a wall at an angle of 30°. The puck then travels away from the wall at the same angle. Find the value of y. Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
y = 150 °

Explanation:
In the above figure said that hockey puck strikes a wall at an angle of 30 °.
so 180 – 30 = 150

Question 14.
DIG DEEPER!
The laptop screen turns off when the angle between the keyboard and the screen is less than 20°. How many more degrees can the laptop screen close before the screen turns off?

Answer:
The laptop screen close before the screen turns off = 60 degrees.

Explanation:
(z + 40) = (z – 20)
z – z = (-  20 -40)
z = -60

Finding Unknown Angle Measures Homework & Practice 9.5

Review & Refresh

Draw a triangle with the given side lengths, if possible.
Question 1.
1 in., 3 in., 4 in.
Answer:

Explanation:
In the above question , they said to draw 1 in, 3 in, 4 in.

Question 2.
4 cm, 4 cm, 7 cm
Answer:

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution.
Question 3.
– 8y ≤ 40
Answer:

Explanation:
– 8y ≤ 40
y = (40/8)
y = 5

Question 4.
1.1z > – 3.3
Answer:

Explanation:
z = 3.3

Question 5.
\(\frac{1}{3}\)x ≥ 2.5
Answer:

Concepts, Skills, & Problem Solving

USING RULES ABOUT ANGLES The diagram shows pairs of adjacent vertical angles and angles. B(See Exploration 1, p. 389.)

Question 6.
Which pair(s) of angles are adjacent angles? Explain.
Answer:
angle AEC, angle ABD.

Explanation:
In the above given figure angle AEC, angle ABD are adjacent.

Question 7.
Which pair(s) of angles are vertical angles? Explain.
Answer:
angle ABC, angle ADE

Explanation:
In the above given figure angle AEC, angle ABD are adjacent.

NAMING ANGLES Use the figure shown.

Question 8.
Name a pair of adjacent angles.
Answer:
∠ADC, ∠AEF, ∠ABC

Question 9.
Name a pair of complementary angles.
Answer:
∠ADE, ∠ABD

Question 10.
Name a pair of supplementary angles.
Answer:
∠ABE, ∠ACF

Question 11.
Name a pair of vertical angles.
Answer:
∠AEF, ∠ABC

Question 12.
YOU BE THE TEACHER
Your friend names a pair of angles with the same measure. Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning.

Answer:
yes my friend is correct

Explanation:
The angles both have the same measure.

ADJACENT AND VERTICAL ANGLES Tell whether the angles are adjacent, vertical, or neither. Explain.
Question 13.

Answer:
vertical.

Explanation:
The given angles are vertical.

Question 14.

Answer:
Adjacent.

Explanation:
The given angles are adjacent.

Question 15.

Answer:
Adjacent, vertical

Explanation:
The given angles are adjacent, vertical.

COMPLEMENTARY AND SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES Tell whether the angles are complementary supplementary, or neither. Explain.
Question 16.

Answer:
The angles are neither complementary nor supplementary.

Explanation:
complementary = 90 degree
supplementary = 180 degree

Question 17.

Answer:
The angles are complementary.

Explanation:
complementary = 90 degree
supplementary = 180 degree

Question 18.

Answer:
The angles are complementary.

Explanation:
complementary = 90 degree
supplementary = 180 degree

Question 19.
YOU BE THE TEACHER
Your friend names a pair of supplementary angles. Is your friend correct? Explain.

Answer:
yes my friend is correct.

Explanation:
angle LMN and angle PMQ are supplementary angles.

USING PAIRS OF ANGLES Classify the pair of angles. Then find the value of x.
Question 20.

Answer:
Acute angle.
x = 145

Explanation:
x = (180 – 35)
x = 35

Question 21.

Answer:
verticle angle.
x = 52

Explanation:
x = (180 – 128)
x = 52

Question 22.

Answer:
obtuse angle.
x = 63

Explanation:
x = (180 – 117)
x = 63

Question 23.

Answer:
intersection angles
x = 25

Explanation:
(4x – 25) = 75
4x = 75 + 25
4x = 100
x = (100/4)
x = 25

Question 24.

Answer:
x = 15

Explanation:
2x = 30
x = (30/2)
x = 15
4x = 60
x = (60/4)
x = 15

Question 25.

Answer:
x = 3.33

Explanation:
(x + 20 ) = 7 x
20 = 7x – x
20 = 6x
x = (20/6)
x = 3.33

Question 26.

Answer:
x = 15

Explanation:
3x = 45
x = (45/3)
x = 15

Question 27.

Answer:
x = 20

Explanation:
(x – 20 ) = x
20 = x – x
x = 20

Question 28.

Answer:
x = 25

Explanation:
(3x + 25) = 2x
3x – 2x = 25
x = 25

Question 29.
MODELING REAL LIFE
What is the measure of each angle formed by the intersection? Explain.

Answer:
angle 2 = 50°
angle 3 = 40°
angle 1 = 40°

Explanation:
In the above figure the angle 4 is given.

Question 30.
MODELING REAL LIFE
A tributary joins a river at an angle x. Find the value of x. Explain.

Answer:
x = 21

Explanation:
(2x + 21 ) = x
2x – x = 21
x = 21

Question 31.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The iron cross is a skiing trick in which the tips of the skis are crossed while the skier is airborne. Find the value of x in the iron cross shown.

Answer:
The value of x in the iron cross = 43

Explanation:
(2x + 41) = 127
2x = 127 – 41
2x = 86
x = 43

FINDING ANGLE MEASURES Find all angle measures in the diagram.
Question 32.

Answer:
x = 90˚

Question 33.

Answer:
23.33

Explanation:
(3x + 5) = 75
3x = 75 – 5
3x = 70
x = (70/3)
x = 23.33

Question 34.

Answer:
x = 68
x = 67

Explanation:
(2x + 4) = 140
2x = (140 – 4)
2x = 136
x = (136/2)
x = 68
(2x + 6) = 140
2x = (140 – 6)
2x = 134
x = (134/2)
x = 67

OPEN-ENDED Draw a pair of adjacent angles with the given description.
Question 35.
Both angles are acute.
Answer:

Question 36.
One angle is acute, and one is obtuse.
Answer:

Question 37.
The sum of the angle measures is 135°.
Answer:

REASONING Copy and complete each sentence with always, sometimes, or never.
Question 38.
If x and y are complementary angles, then both x and y are________ acute.
Answer:
Right acute.

Explanation:
if x and y are complimentary then the x and y are right acute.

Question 39.
If x and y are supplementary angles, then is x ________ acute.
Answer:
left acute.

Explanation:
if x and y are complimentary then the x and y are right acute.

Question 40.
If x is a right angle, then is x ________ acute.
Answer:
Right acute.

Explanation:
if x and y are complimentary then the x and y are right acute.

Question 41.
If x and y are complementary angles, then x and y are ________ adjacent.
Answer:
Right adjacent.

Explanation:
if x and y are complimentary then the x and y are right adjacent.

Question 42.
If x and y are supplementary angles, then x and y are _______ vertical.
Answer:
left vertical.

Explanation:
if x and y are supplementary then the x and y are left vertical.

Question 43.
REASONING
Draw a figure in which ∠1 and ∠2 are acute vertical angles, ∠3 is a right angle adjacent to ∠2, and the sum of the measure of ∠1 and the measure of ∠4 is 180°.
Answer:

Question 44.
STRUCTURE
Describe the relationship between the two angles represented by the graph shown at the right.

Answer:
90°

Explanation:
The relationship between the two angles represented by the graph =90°

Question 45.
STRUCTURE
Consider the figure shown at the left. Use a ruler to extend both rays into lines. What do you notice about the three new angles that are formed?

Answer:
The 3 angles that are formed = 30°, 60°, 90°

Explanation:
The given angles are right angles.

Question 46.
OPEN-ENDED
Give an example of an angle that can be a supplementary angle but cannot be a complementary angle to another angle. Explain.
Answer:
Acute angle

Question 47.
MODELING REAL LIFE
The vanishing point of the picture is represented by point B.

a. The measure of ∠ABD is 6.2 times greater than the measure of ∠CBD. Find the measure of ∠CBD.
b. ∠FBE and ∠EBD are congruent. Find the measure of ∠FBE.
Answer:
a. The measure of  ∠CBD = 30°
b. The measure of ∠FBE = 60°

Explanation:
Given that the measure of ∠ABD is 6.2 times greater than the measure of ∠CBD  = 30°
∠FBE and ∠EBD are congruent so ∠FBE = 60°

Question 48.
CRITICAL THINKING
The measures of two complementary angles have a ratio of 3 : 2. What is the measure of the larger angle?
Answer:
The measure of the larger angle = 3

Explanation:
given that, the measures of two complementary angles have a ratio = 3 : 2

Question 49.
REASONING
Two angles are vertical angles. What are their measures if they are also complementary angles? supplementary angles?
Answer:
when two angles are vertical.
complementary angles = Two angles are called complementary when their measures add to 90°
supplementary angles = two angles are called supplementary when their measures add to 180°

Question 50.
PROBLEM SOLVING
Find the values of x and y.

Answer:
x = 2.857
y = 2
x = 4

Explanation:
7  x = 20
x = (20/7)
x = 2.857
2y = 20
y = (20/10)
y  = 2
5x = 20
x = (20/5)
x = 4

Geometric Shapes and Angles Connecting Concepts

Using the Problem-Solving Plan
Question 1.
A dart is equally likely to hit any point on the board shown. Find the theoretical probability that a dart hitting the board scores 100 points.
Understand the problem.
You are given the dimensions of a circular dartboard. You are asked to find the theoretical probability of hitting the center circle.

Make a plan.
Find the area of the center circle and the area of the entire dart board. To find the theoretical probability of scoring 100 points, divide the area of the center circle by the area of the entire dart board.
Solve and check.
Use the plan to solve the problem. Then check your solution.
Answer:
Area of center =31,400 sq in
area of entire dart board = 1,962.5 sq in

Explanation:
Area of center circle = π r ²
a = 3.14 x 100 x 100
a = 31,400  sq in
area of entire dart board =  π r ²
a = 3.14 x 25 x 25
a = 3.14 x 625
a = 1,962.5 sq in

Question 2.
A scale drawing of a window is shown. Find the perimeter and the area of the actual window. Justify your answer.

Answer:
Area of semicircle = 1.695sq ft
perimeter of semicircle = 1.58 sq ft

Explanation:
area of the semicircle = ( π + r x r /2)
s . c = (3.14 + 0.5 x 0.5 /2)
s. c = (3.14 + 0.25 /2)
s . c = (3.39 /2
s. c = 1.695 sq ft
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) x r
p= 3.14 + 2 x 0.5
p = 3.16 x 0.5
p = 1.58 sq ft

Question 3.
∠CAD makes up 20% of a pair of supplementary angles. Find the measure of ∠DAE. Justify your answer.

Answer:
∠DAE = 30 %

Explanation:
Given that ∠CAD = 20%
so
∠DAE = 30 %

Performance Task

Finding the Area and Perimeter of a Track
At the beginning of the this chapter, you watched a STEAM video called “Track and Field”. You are now ready to complete the performance task related to this video, available at BigIdeasMath.com. Be sure to use the problem-solving plan as you work through the performance task.

Geometric Shapes and Angles Chapter Review

Review Vocabulary

Write the definition and give an example of each vocabulary term.

Graphic Organizers

You can use a Four Square to organize information about a concept. Each of the four squares can be a category, such as definition, vocabulary, example, non-example, words, algebra, table, numbers, visual, graph, or equation. Here is an example of a Four Square for circumference.

Choose and complete a graphic organizer to help you study each topic.

1. area of a circle
2. semicircle
3. composite figure
4. constructing triangles
5. constructing quadrilaterals
6. complementary angles
7. supplementary angles
8. vertical angles

Answer:
1. area of a circle = π r ²
2. semicircle = ( π  +  r ²/2)
3. composite figure = The figure that consists of two or more geometric shapes.
4. constructing triangles = A triangle is a 3 – sided polygon made up of three sides having 3 angles.
5. constructing quadrilateral = quadrilateral can be categorized by the lengths of its sides and the size of its angles.
6. complementary angles = Two angles are called complimentary when their measures add to 90°
7. supplementary angles = two angles are called supplementary when their measures add to 180°
8. vertical angles = The angles opposite each other when two lines cross.

Chapter Self-Assessment

As you complete the exercises, use the scale below to rate your understanding of the success criteria in your journal.

9.1 Circles and Circumference (pp. 361–368)
Learning Target: Find the circumference of a circle.

Question 1.
What is the radius of a circular lid with a diameter of 5 centimeters?
Answer:
radius = 50 mm

Explanation:
radius  = ( d / 2)
radius  = (5/ 2) cm
r = 2.5  cm

Question 2.
The radius of a circle is 25 millimeters. Find the diameter.
Answer:
Diameter = 50 mm

Explanation:
diameter = 2 x radius
diameter = 2 x 25  mm
d = 50 mm

Find the circumference of the object. Use 3.14 or \(\frac{22}{7}\) for π.
Question 3.

Answer:
circumference of the object = 37.68 sq mm

Explanation:
D. circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 6 where r =6 given
circle = 6.28 x  6
circle =37.68 sq mm

Question 4.

Answer:
circumference of the object = 4.71 sq ft

Explanation:
D. circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 0.75 where r =0.75 given
circle = 6.28 x  0.75
circle =4.71 sq ft

Question 5.

Answer:
circumference of the object = 4.71 sq cm

Explanation:
D. circumference of the circle =2πr
circle = 2 x 3.14 x 3 .5 where r =3.5 given
circle = 6.28 x  3.5
circle =21.98  sq cm

Question 6.
You are placing non-slip tape along the perimeter of the bottom of a semicircle-shaped doormat. How much tape will you save applying the tape to the perimeter of the inside semicircle of the doormat? Justify your answer.

Answer:
the tape saved = 47 .4 sq in
Explanation:
perimeter of the semicircle = ( π + 2 ) r
p = ( 3.14 + 2) 15
p = (3 .16 ) 15
p = 47.4 sq in

Question 7.
You need to carry a circular cake through a 32-inch wide doorway without tilting it. The circumference of the cake is 100 inches. Will the cake fit through the doorway? Explain.
Answer:
yes the cake fit through the doorway.
Explanation:
radius of the circle = (c/2π)
r= (100/6.28)
r = 15.923 sq in

Question 8.
Estimate the radius of the Big Ben clock face in London.

Answer:
Radius of the Big Ben clock = 7.0063 m

Explanation:
radius of the circle = (c/2π)
r= (44/6.28)
r = 7.0063 m

Question 9.
Describe and solve a real-life problem that involves finding the circumference of a circle.
Answer:
The circumference of a circle = 2 π r

Explanation:
circle = 2 π r
where r = radius , π = 3.14

9.2 Areas of Circles (pp. 369-374)
Learning Target: Find the area of a circle.

Find the area of the circle. Use 3.14 or \(\frac{22}{7}\) for π.
Question 10.

Answer:
The area of the circle = 50.24 sq in

Explanation:
Area of the circle = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 4 x 4
area = 3.14 x 16
area = 50.24 sq in

Question 11.

Answer:
The area of the circle = 379.94 sq cm

Explanation:
Area of the circle = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 11 x 11
area = 3.14 x 121
area = 379.94 sq cm

Question 12.

Answer:
The area of the circle = 1384.74 sq mm

Explanation:
Area of the circle = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 21 x 21
area = 3.14 x 441
area = 1384.74 sq mm

Question 13.
A desktop is shaped like a semicircle with a diameter of 28 inches. What is the area of the desktop?
Answer:
The area of the desktop = 615.44 sq in

Explanation:
Area of the desktop = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 14 x 14
area = 3.14 x 196
area = 615.44 sq in

Question 14.
An ecologist is studying an algal bloom that has formed on the entire surface of a circular pond. What is the area of the surface of the pond covered by the algal bloom?

Answer:
The area of the surface of the pond covered by the algol bloom = 615.44 ft

Explanation:
Area of the pond = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 14 x 14
area = 3.14 x 196
area = 615.44 sq ft

Question 15.
A knitted pot holder is shaped like a circle. Its radius is 3.5 inches. What is its area?
Answer:
The area of the pot holder = 38.465 sq in

Explanation:
Area of the pot holder = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 3.5 x 3.5
area = 3.14 x 12.25
area = 38.465 sq in

9.3 Perimeters and Areas of Composite Figures (pp. 375–380)
Learning Target: Find perimeters and areas of composite figures.

Find the perimeter and the area of the figure.
Question 16.

Answer:
Area of semicircle = 1.695 sq in
perimeter of semicircle = 15.8 sq in

Explanation:
area of the semicircle = ( π + r x r /2)
s . c = (3.14 + 5 x 5 /2)
s. c = (3.14 + 25/2)
s . c = (3.39 /2 )
s. c = 1.695 sq in
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) x r
p= 3.14 + 2 x 5
p = 3.16 x 5
p = 15.8 sq in

Question 17.

Answer:
Area of semicircle = 6.07 sq ft
perimeter of semicircle = 9.48 sqft

Explanation:
area of the semicircle = ( π + r x r /2)
s . c = (3.14 + 3 x 3 /2)
s. c = (3.14 + 9/2)
s . c = (12.14 /2 )
s. c = 6.07 sq ft
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) x r
p= 3.14 + 2 x 3
p = 3.16 x 3
p = 9.48 sq ft

Question 18.
GARDEN
You want to fence part of a yard to make a vegetable garden. How many feet of fencing do you need to surround the garden?

Answer:
The fencing need to surround the garden = 32 sq feet

Explanation:
area  of the rectangle = l + b
area = 18 + 14
area = 32 sq feet

9.4 Constructing Polygons (pp. 381-388)

Learning Target: Construct a polygon with given measures.

Draw a triangle with the given description, if possible.
Question 19.
a triangle with angle measures of 15°, 75°, and 90°
Answer:

Explanation:
Given triangle with angle measures.

Question 20.
a triangle with a 3-inch side and a 4-inch side that meet at a 30° angle
Answer:

Question 21.
a triangle with side lengths of 5 centimeters, 8 centimeters, and 2 centimeters
Answer:

Draw a quadrilateral with the given angle measures, if possible.
Question 22.
110°, 80°, 70°, 100°
Answer:

Question 23.
105°, 15°, 20°, 40°
Answer:

9.5 Finding Unknown Angle Measures (pp. 389–396)
Learning Target: Use facts about angle relationships to find unknown angle measures.

Use the figure shown.

Question 24.
Name a pair of adjacent angles.
Answer:
x , y , v , w .

Explanation:
In the above-given figure, the adjacent angles are x, y, v, w.

Question 25.
Name a pair of complementary angles.
Answer:
u and z

Explanation:
complementary angles = u , z

Question 26.
Name a pair of supplementary angles.
Answer:
x , y , v , z

Explanation:
supplementary are x , y , v , z
Question 27.
Name a pair of vertical angles.
Answer:
x , y , v, w

Explanation:
pair of vertical angles are x , y , v , w

Classify the pair of angles. Then find the value of x.
Question 28.

Answer:
x = 111 degrees.

Explanation :
x = 56
x =180  – 69
x = 111 degree

Question 29.

Answer:
x = 81 degrees.

Explanation :
x + 3  = 84
x =84   – 3
x = 81  degree

Question 30.

Answer:
x = 3.33degrees.

Explanation :
(4x + 10) = x
10 = x – 4 x
3 x = 10
x = 3.33  degree

Question 31.
Describe two ways to find the measure of ∠2.

Answer:
angle 2 = 65

Explanation:
x = 180 – 115
x = 65
2 = 65

Question 32.
Using the diagram from Exercises 24–27, find all the angle measures when ∠XUY = 40°.
Answer:

Geometric Shapes and Angles Practice Test

Question 1.
Find the radius of a circle with a diameter of 17 inches.
Answer:
radius of a circle = 8.5 in

Explanation:
radius of a circle = (d / 2)
radius =( 17 / 2)
radius = 8.5 in
Find (a) the circumference and (b) the area of the circle. Use 3.14 or \(\frac{22}{7}\) for π.
Question 2.

Answer:
Area of the circle = 3.14 m
circumference of the circle = 6.28 m

Explanation:
Area of the circle = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 1 x 1
area = 3.14 m
circumference of the circle = 2 x π x r
c = 2 x 3.14 x 1
c = 6.28 m

Question 3.

Answer:
Area of the circle = 3846.5 sq in
circumference of the circle = 219. 8 sq in

Explanation:
Area of the circle = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 35 x 35
area = 3.14 x 1,225 sq in
area = 3846.5 sq in
circumference of the circle = 2 x π x r
c = 2 x 3.14 x 35
c = 6.28 x 35
c = 219.8 sq in

Find (a) the perimeter and (b) the area of the figure. Use 3.14 or \(\frac{22}{7}\) for π.
Question 4.

Answer:
Area of semicircle = 2.695 sq ft
perimeter of semicircle = 4. 74 sq ft

Explanation:
area of the semicircle = ( π + r x r /2)
s . c = (3.14 + 1.5 x 1.5 /2)
s. c = (3.14 + 2.25 /2)
s . c = (5.39 /2 )
s. c = 2.695 sq ft
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) x r
p= 3.14 + 2 x 1.5
p = 3.16 x 1.5
p = 4. 74 sq ft

Question 5.

Answer:
Area of semicircle = 9.57 sq ft
perimeter of semicircle = 12.64 sq ft

Explanation:
area of the semicircle = ( π + r x r /2)
s . c = (3.14 + 4 x 4 /2)
s. c = (3.14 + 16 /2)
s . c = (19.14 /2 )
s. c = 9.57  sq ft
perimeter of the semicircle = (π + 2 ) x r
p= 3.14 + 2 x 4
p = 3.16 x 4
p = 12.64 sq ft

Draw a figure with the given description, if possible.
Question 6.
a triangle with sides of length 5 inches and 6 inches that meet at a 50° angle.
Answer:

Question 7.
a triangle with side lengths of 3 inches, 4 inches, and 5 inches
Answer:

Question 8.
a quadrilateral with angle measures of 90°, 110°, 40°, and 120°
Answer:

Classify each pair of angles. Then find the value of x.
Question 9.

Answer:
x = 9 degrees.

Explanation:
(8x + 2) = 74
8x = 74 – 2
8x = 72
x = (72/8)
x = 9

Question 10.

Answer:
x = 50 degrees.

Explanation:
(x + 6) = 56
x = 56 – 6
x = 50
Question 11.

Answer:
x = 67 degrees.

Explanation:
x = 180 – 113
x = 67 degrees.

Question 12.
A museum plans to rope off the perimeter of the 60 ftL-shaped exhibit. How much rope does it need?

Answer:
Area of the museum = 2,826 sq ft

Explanation:
Area of the museum  = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 30 x 30
area = 3.14 x 900
area =  2,826 sq ft

Geometric Shapes and Angles Cumulative Practice

Question 13.
Draw a pair of adjacent angles that are neither complementary nor supplementary.
Answer:

Question 14.
The circumference of a circle is 36.2 centimeters. What is the length of the diameter of the circle?
Answer:
Diameter of the circle = 11.52866 cm

Explanation:
Diameter of the circle = 2 x r
radius of the circle = (c / 2 π )
circumference = 36.2 cm
radius = (36.2 / 6.28)
radius = 5.7643
daimeter = 2 x r
diameter = 5.7643 x 2
diameter = 11.52866 cm

Question 15.
The circular rug is placed on a square floor. The rug touches all four walls. How much of the floor space is not covered by the rug?

Answer:
Area of the circle = 176.625sq ft

Explanation:
Area of the circle  = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 7.5 x 7.5
area = 3.14 x 56.25
area =  176.625 sq ft

Geometric Shapes and Angles Cumulative Practice

Question 1.
To make 6 servings of soup, you need 5 cup of chicken broth. You want to know how many servings you can make with 2 quarts of chicken broth. Which proportion should you use?
A. \(\frac{6}{5}=\frac{2}{x}\)
B. \(\frac{6}{5}=\frac{x}{2}\)
C. \(\frac{6}{5}=\frac{x}{8}\)
D. \(\frac{5}{6}=\frac{x}{8}\)
Answer:
option B is correct.

Explanation:
Given that in the question to make 6 servings of soup you need 5 cup of chicken broth.

Question 2.
What is the value of x?

Answer:
x = 42 degrees.

Explanation:
(2x + 1) = 85
2x = 85 – 1
2x = 84
x = (84/2)
x = 42

Question 3.
Your mathematics teacher described an inequality in words.

Which inequality matches your mathematics teacher’s description?
F. 7n – 5 < 42 G. (7 – 5)n > 42
H. 5 – 7n > 42
I. 7n – 5 > 42
Answer:
option G is correct.

Explanation:
5 is less than the product of 7 and an unknown number is greater than 42.
(7 – 5)n > 42

Question 4.
What is the approximate area of the circle below? (Use \(\frac{22}{7}\) for π).

A. 132 cm²
B. 264 cm²
C. 5544 cm²
D. 22,176 cm²
Answer:
Area of the circle = 63.585 sq ft

Explanation:
Area of the circle  = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 42 x 42
area = 3.14 x 1,764
area =  5,538.96 cm

Question 5.
You have a 50% chance of selecting a blue marble from Bag A and a 20% chance of selecting a blue marble from Bag B. Use the provided simulation to answer the question, “What is the estimated probability of selecting a blue marble from both bags?”

F. 12%
G. 16%
H. 24%
I. 88%
Answer:
option F is correct.

Explanation:
The digits 1 and 2 in the ones place represent selecting a blue marble from bag B.
The digits 1 through 5  in the tens place represent selecting a blue marble from bag A.

Question 6.
Which proportion represents the problem?
“What number is 12% of 125?”
A. \(\frac{n}{125}=\frac{12}{100}\)
B. \(\frac{12}{125}=\frac{n}{100}\)
C. \(\frac{125}{n}=\frac{12}{100}\)
D. \(\frac{12}{n}=\frac{125}{100}\)
Answer:
option B is correct.

Explanation:
(12/125 ) x 100
(12/5) x 4
Question 7.
What is the approximate perimeter of the figure below? (Use 3.14 for π)

Answer:
The perimeter of the semicircle = 18. 84

Explnation:
perimeter = ( π + 2 x r)
perimeter = (6.28 x 3 )
perimeter = 18 . 84

Question 8.
A savings account earns 2.5% simple interest per year. The principal is $850. What is the balance after 3 years?
F. $63.75
G. $871.25
H. $913.75
J. $7225
Answer:

Question 9.
Two ponds each contain about 400 fish. The double box-and-whisker plot represents the weights of a random sample of 12 fish from each pond. Which statement about the measures of center and variation is true?

A. The variation in the samples is about the same, but the sample from Pond A has a greater median.
B. The variation in the samples is about the same, but the sample from Pond B has a greater median.
C. The measures of center and variation are about the same for both samples.
D. Neither the measures of center nor variation are the same for the samples.
Answer:
option D is correct.

Explanation:
Neither the measures of center nor variation are same for the samples.

Question 10.
A lawn sprinkler sprays water onto part of a circular region, as shown below.

Part A What is the area, in square feet, of the region that the sprinkler sprays with water? Explain your reasoning. (Use 3.14 for π.)
Part B What is the perimeter, in feet, of the region that the sprinkler sprays with water? Explain your reasoning. (Use 3.14 for π.)
Answer:
part A The region that sprinkler sprays with water = 1,256 ft
part B The region that sprinkler sprays with water = 125 .6 ft

Explanation:
area of the circle = π x r x r
area = 3.14 x 20 x 20
area = 1256 ft
perimeter of the circle =  2 x π x r
perimeter = 2 x 3.14 x 20
perimeter = 125. 6 ft

Question 11.
What is the least value of x for which x – 12 ≥ – 8 is true?
F. – 20
G. – 4
H. 4
I. 5
Answer:
option F is correct.

Explanation:
x – 12 ≥ – 8
x = -20

Final Words:

Access Big Ideas Math Book 7th Grade Answer Key 9 Geometric Shapes and Angles from the direct links presented above. Hit the direct links and prepare yourself for the exam. With the help of the problems, you can test yourself and your capability of solving the problems. Cumulative practice, Chapter review, the Practice test will help you throughout your preparation.

Do you feel maths is a difficult subject and worried about the test? If yes, then don’t worry we are here to help you out to overcome the difficulties in maths. Get free access to download Big Ideas Math Answers 2nd Grade 13th Chapter Represent and Interpret Data pdf from this page. Students can find various tricks to solve the questions. Learn how to represent data in different ways with the help of BIM Book Grade 2 Chapter 13 Represent and Interpret Data Answers.

Big Ideas Math Book Grade 2 Answer Key Chapter 13 Represent and Interpret Data

It is necessary for the students to go through the topics included in this chapter before starting their preparation. The list of lessons in Chapter 13 Represent and Interpret Data are Sort and Organize Data, Real and Interpret Picture Graphs, Make Picture Graphs, Real and Interpret Bar Graphs, Make Bar Graphs, Make Line Plots, and Measure Objects and Make Line Plots.

You can understand the concepts quickly and easily by referring to Big Ideas Math Answers Grade 2 Chapter 13 Represent and Interpret Data. The quick links are attached at the end for the reference of students.

Vocabulary

• Represent and Interpret Data Vocabulary

Lesson: 1 Sort and Organize Data

• Lesson 13.1 Sort and Organize Data
• Sort and Organize Data Homework & Practice 13.1

Lesson: 2 Real and Interpret Picture Graphs

• Lesson 13.2 Real and Interpret Picture Graphs
• Real and Interpret Picture Graphs Homework & Practice 13.2

Lesson: 3 Make Picture Graphs

• Lesson 13.3 Make Picture Graphs
• Make Picture Graphs Homework & Practice 13.3

Lesson: 4 Real and Interpret Bar Graphs

• Lesson 13.4 Real and Interpret Bar Graphs
• Real and Interpret Bar Graphs Homework & Practice 13.4

Lesson: 5 Make Bar Graphs

• Lesson 13.5 Make Bar Graphs
• Make Bar Graphs Homework & Practice 13.5

Lesson: 6 Make Line Plots

• Lesson 13.6 Make Line Plots
• Make Line Plots Homework & Practice 13.6

Lesson: 7 Measure Objects and Make Line Plots

• Lesson 13.7 Measure Objects and Make Line Plots
• Measure Objects and Make Line Plots Homework & Practice 13.7

Chapter- 13: Represent and Interpret Data

• Represent and Interpret Data Performance Task
• Represent and Interpret Data Activity
• Represent and Interpret Data Chapter Practice

Represent and Interpret Data Vocabulary

Organize It
Use the review words to complete the graphic organizer.

Answer:
The number of students who choose math = 6.
The number of students who choose science = 5

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the number of students who choose math = 6
the number of students who choose science = 5
the more number of students choose maths than science.

.

Organize It
Use your vocabulary cards to identify the word.

Answer:
1. The pencil lengths of each student = 4, 5, 6, and 7.

Explanation:
The number of pencil lengths of all students = 4, 5, 6, and 7.
the max length of the pencil = 5
In the above-given figure is a line plot.
given that the pencil lengths in inches = 4, 5, 6, and 7.

Answer:
2. The more number of students whose favorite hobby is singing = 7.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the total number of students = 8
the number of students whose favorite hobby dancing = 6.
the number of students whose favorite hobby running = 5.
the number of students whose favorite hobby singing = 7.
The more number of students whose favorite hobby is singing = 7.

Lesson 13.1 Sort and Organize Data

Explore and Grow

Look at your color tiles. Complete the tally chart.

Answer:
The tile colors are blue, green, red, and yellow.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
given the tile, colors are blue, green, red, and yellow.

Write and answer a question about your tally chart.

Answer:
The more number of students they choose yellow = 5.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the number of students who choose blue = 2.
the number of students who choose green = 3.
the number of students who choose red = 4.
the number of students who choose yellow = 5.
the more number of students who choose yellow = 5.

Show and Grow

Question 1.
Use the data to complete the tally chart.

How many students chose math? ________
Which subject is the most favorite? _________

Answer:
The students who choose math = 7.
The most favorite subject = math.

Explanation:
The students who choose math = 7.
The students who choose science = 4.
The students who choose social studies = 2.
The students who choose language arts = 3.

Apply and Grow: Practice

Question 2.
Use the data to complete the tally chart.

Which animal is the least favorite? ________
How many students did not choose fox? How do you know?

Answer:
The least favorite animal = owl
the students did not choose fox = 12.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the least favorite animal = owl.
the students did not choose fox = 12.
the total number of students = 18
18 – 6 = 12
12 students did not choose fox.

Did more students choose fox or owl?
_______
How many more? ______ more

Did fewer students choose reindeer or polar bear?
________
How many fewer? ______ fewer

Answer:
The more students choose fox = 7.
the more students = 7
the fewer students choose a polar bear.
fewer = 3

Explanation:
The students who choose fox = 7.
the students who choose more = 7
the students who choose fewer = polar bear
polar bear = 3

Question 3.
Reasoning
Which sentences are correct?

You survey 30 students.
11 students chose whale.
4 more students chose seal than penguin.
20 students did not choose seal.

Answer:
4 more students choose seal than penguin is correct.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the penguin = 14
whale = 6
seal = 10

Think and Grow: Modeling Real Life

Newton wants to survey25 students. How many more students does he need to survey?

Addition equation:

_______ students

Answer:
The more students does he need to survey = 6 students.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the total number of students = 19.
newton wants 25 students.
19 + 6 = 25

Show and Grow

Question 4.
Descartes wants to survey 20 students. How many more students does he need to survey?

_______ students

Answer:
The more students do he need to survey = 2 students.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the total number of students = 18.
Descartes wants 20 students.
18 + 2 = 20.

How many more students need to choose sneakers so that the numbers of students who choose sneakers and sandals are equal?
______ students

Answer:
The students need to choose sneakers so that the number of students who choose sneakers and sandals is equal = 2 students.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the sandals = 6
sneakers = 4
6 – 4 = 2
2 students.

Sort and Organize Data Homework & Practice 13.1

Question 1.
Use the data to complete the tally chart.

Which activity is the most favorite? _______
Did more students choose catch or sidewalk chalk? _______
How many more?
______ more

Answer:
The activity the most favorite = tag.
The more students choose catch than sidewalk chalk.
0ne more.

Explanation:
The most favorite activity = tag.
Most students choose catch than the sidewalk.
sidewalk = 2
catch = 4
bubbles are more.

Question 2.
Modeling Real Life
Newton wants to survey 15 friends. How many more friends does he need to survey?

Answer:
The more friends he needs to survey = 4.

Explanation:
Given that newton wants 15 friends to survey.
but in the figure, he has only 11 friends.
11 + 4 = 15
the more friends he wants to survey = 4

Question 3.
Writing
In Exercise 2, what question did Newton ask?
__________________
__________________

Answer:
Newton wants to survey 15 friends.

Explanation:
In the above-given question, he wants to survey more friends.
the more friends = 4
in the figure given that 11 friends.
11 + 4 = 15.

Question 4.
Modeling Real Life
You want to survey 30 students. How many more students do you need to survey?

______ students
How many more students need to choose coloring so that the numbers of students who choose coloring and puppets are equal?
______ students

Answer:
The more students you need to survey = 10 students.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The total number of students = 20
The more number of students you need to survey = 10.

Review & Refresh

Question 5.
153 − 10 = ______

Answer:
153 – 10 = 143

Explanation:
153 – 10 = 143

Question 6.
978 − 10 = ______

Answer:
978 – 10 = 968

Explanation:
978 – 10 = 968

Question 7.
642 − 100 = ______

Answer:
642 – 100 = 542

Explanation:
642 – 100 = 542

Question 8.
1,000 −100 = ______

Answer:
1000 – 100 = 900

Explanation:
1000 – 100 = 900

Lesson 13.2 Real and Interpret Picture Graphs

Explore and Grow

How are the tally chart and the picture graph the same? How are they different?

__________________
___________________

Answer:
Yes, the tally chart and picture graph represents the same.

Explanation:
The favorite bird = 2.
cat = 4
dog = 7.
So in the tally chart and the picture graph represents the same.

Show and Grow

Question 1.

How many students chose butterfly? _______
Which insect is the most favorite? ______
Which insect is the least favorite? _______

Answer:
The students who choose butterfly = 7
The most favorite insect= 8
The least favorite insect = 2

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The insects bumblebee = 2
ladybug = 8
grasshopper = 6
butterfly = 7
The students who choose butterfly = 7
The most favorite insect= 8
The least favorite insect = 2

Apply and Grow: Practice

Question 2.

How many students chose sporting event? _______
Which school trip is the least favorite? _______
How many more students chose science center than the park? _______

Answer:
The students who choose sporting event = 8
The least favorite school trip = park
The more students who choose science center than the park = 3

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the science center = 5
park = 2
sporting event = 8
museum = 3
The students who choose sporting event = 8
The least favorite school trip = park
The more students who choose science center than the park = 3

Question 3.

Number Sense
Use the numbers to complete the sentences.

Newton has ______ siblings.
Your friend has _______ siblings.
Your friend has ______ more siblings than your cousin.

Answer:
Newton has 2 siblings.
your friend has 4 siblings.
your friend has 3 more siblings than your cousin.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
your cousin has 1 sibling.
your friend has 4 siblings.
newton has 2 siblings.
Descartes has 3 siblings.

Think and Grow: Modeling Real Life

Do more students like crabs and sea turtles or octopuses and jellyfish?
Addition equations:

More students like ______ and _______.

Answer:
The more students like sea turtle = 9
More students like octopus and sea turtle.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the students like crab = 6
the students who like octopus = 8
the students who like jellyfish = 3
the students who like sea turtle = 9
The more students like sea turtle = 9
More students like octopus and sea turtle.

Show and Grow

Question 4.

Do you see more cars and motorcycles or vans and trucks?
You see more _______ and ______.

Answer:
We see more cars.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the cars = 9
vans = 8
truck  4
motorcycles = 2
we see more cars than other vehicles.

Real and Interpret Picture Graphs Homework & Practice 13.2

Question 1.

Which fruit do exactly 7 students like most? _______
How many students like the fruit with the fewest votes? _______
How many more students chose banana than pear? _____

Answer:
The fruits exactly 7 students like most = banana.
the students who like the fewest = apple.
the more students choose banana than pears = 3

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The students who like apple = 4
the students who like pears = 5
The students who like grapes = 7
the students who like banana = 8
The fruits exactly 7 students like most = banana.
the students who like the fewest = apple.
the more students choose banana than pears = 3

Question 2.
Writing
Use the picture graph.

Write two true statements about the picture graph.
____________________
____________________

Answer:
The students who choose bus = 6
The students who choose walk= 4
The students who choose car = 2
The students who choose subway = 5

Explanation:
In the above- given figure,
the students who choose bus = 6
The students who choose walk= 4
The students who choose car = 2
The students who choose subway = 5
the more students choose the bus.
fewer students choose cars.

Question 3.
Modeling Real Life
Use the picture graph.

Do more students like to play video games and read or play outside and watch TV?
More students like to ______ and ______.

Answer:
The more students like to play video games.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the students who like to play outside = 6
the students who like to play video games = 9
the students who like to watch tv= 7
the students who like to read = 3
the more students like to play videogames and watching tv

Review & Refresh

Question 4.
What is the best estimate of the length of a keyboard?

Answer: 18 inches

Lesson 13.3 Make Picture Graphs

Explore and Grow

Look at your color tiles. Complete the tally chart and the picture graph.

Answer:
The number of students who like blue = 2
The number of students who like green = 3
The number of students who like red = 4
The number of students who like yellow = 5

Show and Grow

Question 1.
Complete the picture graph.

Which fruit is the most favorite? ______
Which fruit is the least favorite? ________
How many more students chose apple than banana? _________

Answer:
The favorite fruit = apple.
the least favorite = strawberry
The students choose apple than banana = 1

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The students who choose orange = 4
The students who choose strawberry = 2
The students who choose apple = 6
The students who choose banana = 5
The favorite fruit = apple.
the least favorite = strawberry
The students choose apple than banana = 1

Apply and Grow: Practice

Question 2.
Complete the picture graph.

How many students chose the most favorite bird? ________
How many students chose flamingo or penguin? _______

Answer:
The students who choose penguin = 7
the students who choose flamingo or penguin = 6 or 7

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the students who choose penguin = 7
the students who choose flamingo = 5
the students who choose own = 3
the students who choose parrot = 2
The students who choose penguin = 7
the students who choose flamingo or penguin = 6 or 7

Question 3.
Complete the picture graph.

Newton gives 4 coins to Descartes. How many coins does Newton have now? How do you know?
____________________
____________________

Answer:
Newton has zero coins.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the newton has 4 coins.
Descartes has 6 coins.
I have 6 coins.
Given that newton gives 4 coins to Descartes.
so newton has 0 coins.

Think and Grow: Modeling Real Life

You ask 20 students to name their eye colors. 9 have brown eyes. 3 more students have brown eyes than blue eyes. The rest have green eyes. Complete the picture graph.

Answer:
The students who have green eyes = 8

Explanation:
In the above-given question, given that
9 have brown eyes.
3 students have blue eyes.
the students who have green = 8
20 – 8 = 12
9 + 3 = 12.

Show and Grow

Question 4.
You ask 15 students which community helper is their favorite. 6 choose police officer. 2 fewer students choose doctor than police officer. The rest choose firefighter. Complete the picture graph.

How did you find how many students chose firefighter?

Answer:
The students who choose firefighter = 5

Explanation:
The students who choose police officer = 6
The students who choose doctor = 2
The students who choose fire fighter= 5
8 + 5 = 15
15 – 10 = 5

Make Picture Graphs Homework & Practice 13.3

Question 1.
Complete the picture graph.

Who has the least medals? _______
How many more medals do you have than your friend? _________
How many medals do Newton and Descartes have in all? ________

Answer:
Your friend has the least medals.
the medals I have more than my friend = 2
Newton and Descartes have all the medals = 11

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
I have 4 medals.
my friend has 2 medals.
Newton has 5 medals.
descartes have 6 medals.

Question 2.
Complete the picture graph.

2 more students chose tomato soup. How many students chose tomato now? How do you know?

Answer:
The students who choose tomato soup = 8

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The students who choose alphabet = 7
The students who choose vegetable = 3
the students who choose tomato = 6
given that 2 more students choose tomato soup.
6 + 2 = 8

Question 3.
Modeling Real Life
You ask 20 students about their favorite way to exercise. 4 like to walk. 6 like to swim. The rest like to bike. Complete the picture graph.

How did you find how many students like to bike?

Answer:
The students who like to walk = 4.
The students who like to swim = 6.
Rest of the students who like bike = 10

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The students who like to walk = 4.
The students who like to swim = 6.
Rest of the students who like bike = 10
20 – 4 + 6
20 – 10
10

Review & Refresh

Question 4.

Answer:
415 – 273 = 142

Explanation:
415 – 273 = 142

Question 5.

Answer:
583 – 127 = 456

Explanation:
583 – 127 = 456

Question 6.

Answer:
892 – 105 = 787

Explanation:
892 – 105 = 787

Lesson 13.4 Real and Interpret Bar Graphs

Explore and Grow

How are the tally chart and the bar graph the same? How are they different?

Based on the given values they are the same.
If they give different values they are different.

Answer:

The number of students who choose baseball = 6
The number of students who choose basketball = 5
The number of students who choose soccer = 7

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The number of students who choose baseball = 6
The number of students who choose basketball = 5
The number of students who choose soccer = 7
The students whose favorite spot = soccer.

Show and Grow

Question 1.

How many students chose computer? _______
Which activity is the least favorite? ________

Answer:
The students who choose computer = 8.
The least favorite activity = reading.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The students who choose painting = 4
the students who choose computer = 8
the students who choose reading = 3
the students who choose games = 6
The students who choose computer = 8.
The least favorite activity = reading

Apply and Grow: Practice

Question 2.

How many students chose breakfast? _______
Which meal is the most favorite? ________
How many students chose the meal that is least favorite? ________
How many more students chose snack than lunch? _______

Answer:
The students who choose breakfast = 7.
the most favorite meal = Dinner.
The students chose the meal that is least favorite = 4
The students choose snack than lunch = 2

Explanation:
The students who choose breakfast = 7.
The students who choose lunch = 4.
The students who choose dinner = 9.
The students who choose snack = 6.
The students who choose breakfast = 7.
the most favorite meal = Dinner.
The students chose the meal that is least favorite = 4
The students choose snack than lunch = 2

Question 3.
DIG DEEPER!
Order the meals in Exercise 2 from the least favorite to the most favorite.
______, ______, ________, ________

Answer:
Lunch, snack, breakfast, and dinner.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure
given that order the meals from least favorite to the most favorite.
the least favorite = lunch.
the most favorite = dinner.
lunch, snack, breakfast, dinner.

Think and Grow: Modeling Real Life

A student chooses a food that has 1 more vote than eggs and toast combined. Which food does the student choose?
The student chooses ________.

Answer:
The students who choose 1 more than eggs = toast.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The students who choose cereal = 9
The students who choose toast = 5
The students who choose pancakes = 8
The students who choose eggs = 3
The students who choose 1 more than eggs = toast.

Show and Grow

Question 4.

A student chooses an activity that has the same number of votes as crafts and hiking combined. Which activity does the student choose?
The student chooses ________

Answer:
The student who chooses an activity that has the same number of votes as crafts and hiking combined = Archery.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the student who chooses archery = 6
the student who chooses crafts = 4
the student who chooses Hiking = 2
the student who chooses swimming = 7
The student who chooses an activity that has the same number of votes as crafts and hiking combined = Archery.

Real and Interpret Bar Graphs Homework & Practice 13.4

Question 1.

How many students chose police officer? _________
How many more students chose teacher than nurse? _________

Answer:
The students who choose police officer = 7.
The more students choose teacher than nurse = 1

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The students who choose teacher job = 5
The students who choose police officer job = 7
The students who choose sports player job = 8
The students who choose nurse job = 4
The students who choose police officer = 7.
The more students choose teacher than nurse = 1

Question 2.
Writing
How can you use a bar graph to find how many students were surveyed?
__________________
__________________

Answer:
The number of students surveyed = 24 students.

Explanation;
In the above-given graph
The students who choose teacher job = 5
The students who choose police officer job = 7
The students who choose sports player job = 8
The students who choose nurse job = 4
The total number of students were surveyed = 24 students.

Question 3.
Modeling Real Life
Use the bar graph.

A student chooses a writing tool that has 3 fewer votes than crayon and marker combined. Which writing tool does the student choose?
The student chooses ______.

Answer:
The student chooses a writing tool that has 3 fewer votes than crayon and marker combined = pen.

Explanation:
In the above-given graph,
the student who chooses pencil = 4
the student who chooses pen = 6
the student who chooses crayon = 2
the student who chooses marker = 5
The student chooses a writing tool that has 3 fewer votes than crayon and marker combined = pen.

Review & Refresh

Find the missing number.
Question 4.

Answer:
576 + 153  = 729

Explanation:
729 – 576 = 153

Question 5.

Answer:
431 + 389 = 820

Explanation:
820 – 431 = 389

Question 6.

Answer:
128 + 521 = 649

Explanation:
649 – 128 = 521

Lesson 13.5 Make Bar Graphs

Explore and Grow

Look at your Instrument Cards. Complete the tally chart and the bar graph.

Answer:
The students who choose drum = 2
The students who choose trumpet = 3
The students who choose tuba = 4

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The students who choose drum = 2
The students who choose trumpet = 3
The students who choose tuba = 4

Show and Grow

Question 1.
Complete the bar graph.

Which book type is the least favorite? _________
How many more students chose fiction than history? _______

Answer:
The least favorite book = history
The more students choose fiction than history = 3

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The students who choose history = 3
The students who choose fiction = 7
The students who choose science = 5
The students who choose poetry = 6
The least favorite book = history
The more students choose fiction than history = 3

Apply and Grow: Practice

Question 2.
Complete the bar graph.

How many raisins are there? _________
How many more almonds are there than dried fruit? _______

Answer:
The raisins are = 6
The more almonds are there than dried fruit = 3

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The number of peanuts = 9
the number of raisins = 6
The number of almonds = 7
the number of dried fruit = 4
The raisins are 6
the more almonds are there than dried fruits = 3

Question 3.
Complete the bar graph.

Which drink was chosen the most? _______
How many more people chose iced tea than water? _______

Answer:
The number of people who choose the drink most = Lemonade
The people who choose iced tea over water = 3

Explanation:
The number of people who choose water = 5
The number of people who chose fruit punch = 2
The number of people who choose lemonade = 9
The number of people who choose  iced tea 8
The number of people who choose the drink most = Lemonade
The people who choose iced tea over water = 3

Think and Grow: Modeling Real Life

You classify 30 animals as fish, mammals, or reptiles.11 are fish. 7 are reptiles. The rest are mammals. Complete the bar graph.

Answer:
The mammals = 12.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
Given that the fishes are 11.
reptiles = 7
mammals = 12
11 + 7 = 18
30 – 18 = 12

Show and Grow

Question 4.
You ask 29 students if they want to collect seashells, fossils, or stickers. 8 said fossils. 12 said stickers. The rest said seashells. Complete the bar graph.

DIG DEEPER!
You ask 3 more students which object they want to collect. 1 said fossils. 2 said seashells. How many fewer students chose fossils than seashells now?
_______ students

Answer:
The fewer students choose fossils than seashells now = 2.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The number of students who choose seashells = 9
The number of students who choose fossils = 8
The number of students who choose stickers = 12
given that 29 students.
11 + 9 = 20
29 – 20 = 9

Make Bar Graphs Homework & Practice 13.5

Question 1.
Complete the bar graph.

How many more votes did Spot receive than Sparkle? ______

Answer:
The more votes did spot receive than sparkle = 7

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The number of votes for spot = 9
The number of votes for sparkle = 2
The number of votes for flip = 7
The number of votes for star = 6
The more votes did spot receive than sparkle = 7
the spot receives 7 more votes than sparkle.

Question 2.
Complete the bar graph.

How many total animals are in the pet store? _______

Answer:
The total animals in the pet store = 20.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
Given that fish = 7
hamster = 5
snake = 4
rabbit = 4
total animals in the pet = 20 animals.

Question 3.
Modeling Real Life
You, your friend, and your cousin hand out a total of 25 flyers. You hand out 12. Your friend hands out 9. Your cousin hands out the rest. Complete the bar graph.

DIG DEEPER!
You hand out 1 more flyer. Your friend hands out4 more. How many fewer flyers does your cousin hand out than your friend now?
_______ flyers

Answer:
The many fewer flyers do your cousin hand out than your friend now = 9

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The flyers handed out by me = 12.
The flyers handed out by my friend = 9.
The flyers handed out by my cousin = 4.
given that flyers handed out by me = 12
totally there are 25 flyers.
12 + 9 = 25

Review & Refresh

Question 4.
861 − 410 = ______

Answer:
861 – 410 = 451

Explanation:
861 – 410 = 451

Question 5.
624 − 320 = ______

Answer:
624 – 320 = 304

Explanation:
624 – 320 = 304

Lesson 13.6 Make Line Plots

Explore and Grow

How are the thumb lengths shown on the number line?

Answer:
The thumb lengths for thumb 1, thumb 4, thumb 7 = 4 cms.
thumb 2 , thumb 6 = 5 cms.
thumb 3 = 3 cm
thumb 5 = 6cm

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
given the thumb lengths.
The thumb lengths for thumb 1, thumb 4, thumb 7 = 4 cms.
thumb 2 , thumb 6 = 5 cms.
thumb 3 = 3 cm
thumb 5 = 6cm

Show and Grow

Question 1.
Complete the line plot.

How many long jumps are 43 inches long? _____
What is the most common long jump length? ______ inches

Answer:
One long-jump is 43 inches long = child 3.
the most common long jump length = child 1 and child 4.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
given that the long jump lengths.
child 1 and child 4 = 41
child 2 = 44
child 5 = 45
One long-jump is 43 inches long = child 3.
the most common long jump length = child 1 and child 4.

Apply and Grow: Practice

Question 2.
Complete the line plot.

What is the most common puppy length? ______ inches
How many fewer puppies are 11 inches long than 10 inches long? ______
How many puppies are 8 or 9 inches long? ______
How many puppies are shorter than 11 inches? How do you know?
_____________________
____________________

Answer:
The most common puppy length = puppy 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7.
The fewer puppies are 11 inches longer than 10 inches long = puppy 1.
The puppies which are 8 or 9 inches long = 3 puppies.
The puppies which are shorter than 11 inches = 6 puppies.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
given the puppy lengths.
the puppy lengths with puppy 1 = 11 inches.
puppy 2 = 9 inches.
puppy 3 = 10 inches.
puppy 4 = 12 inches.
puppy 5 = 9 inches.
puppy 6 = 10 inches.
puppy 7 = 10 inches.
puppy 8 = 8 inches.
The most common puppy length = puppy 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7.
The fewer puppies are 11 inches longer than 10 inches long = puppy 1.
The puppies which are 8 or 9 inches long = 3 puppies.
The puppies which are shorter than 11 inches = 6 puppies.

Think and Grow: Modeling Real Life

9 people measure the length of a guitar. The line plot shows the measured lengths. How long do you think the guitar is? Explain.

______ inches

Answer:
The length of the guitar = 35 inches.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the number of inches in guitar lengths are:
the guitar length with 34 inches.
the guitar length with 35 inches.
the guitar length with 36 inches.

Show and Grow

Question 3.
8 people measure the length of a playground. The line plot shows the measured lengths.How long do you think the playground is? Explain.

______ meters
DIG DEEPER!
Why are the measurements different?

Answer:
The length o the playground = 51 meters.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the number of meters of playgrounds is:
given that 8 people measure the length of the playground.
6 people choose 50 meters.
1 people choose 49 meters.
1 people choose 48 meters.

Make Line Plots Homework & Practice 13.6

Question 1.
Complete the line plot.

How many leaves are 13 centimeters long? _______
What is the most common leaf length? _______ centimeters
How many more leaves are 14 centimeters long than 12 centimeters long? ______
How many leaves are 14 or 15 centimeters? ________

Answer:
No leaves are 13 centimeters long.
the most common leaf lengths are leaf 2, leaf 3, and leaf 6.
the more leaves are 14 centimeters long than 12 centimeters long = leaf 1 and leaf 4.
The leaves are 14 or 15 centimeters = 5 leaves.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
given that, the leaf lengths.
the leaf 1 = 14 centimeters.
the leaf 2 = 15 centimeters
the leaf 3 = 15 centimeters
the leaf 4 = 14 centimeters
the leaf 5 = 12 centimeters
the leaf 6 = 15 centimeters
No leaves are 13 centimeters long.
the most common leaf lengths are leaf 2, leaf 3, and leaf 6.
the more leaves are 14 centimeters long than 12 centimeters long = leaf 1 and leaf 4.
The leaves are 14 or 15 centimeters = 5 leaves.

Question 2.
Complete the line plot.

How many sharks are longer than 14 feet? How do you know?
____________

Answer:
The sharks which are longer than 14 feet = 3 sharks.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
given that the shark lengths in feets.
shark 1 = 14
shark 2 = 15
shark 3 = 16
shark 4 = 14
shark 5 = 12
shark 6 = 16
The sharks which are longer than 14 feet = 3 sharks.

Question 3.
Modeling Real Life
8 people measure the length of a bus. The line plot shows the measured lengths. How long do you think the school bus is? Explain.

______ meters

Answer:
The length of the school bus = 105 meters.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the lengths of the school bus is given.
given that 8 people measure the length of a bus.
the lone plot shows the measured lengths.
2 people measure the 14 meters.
1 people measure the 12 inches.

Review & Refresh

Question 4.

Answer:
127.

Explanation:
36 + 4 + 22 + 65
40 + 22 + 65
62 + 65
127

Question 5.

Answer:
208.

Explanation:
95 + 68 + 45
163 + 45
208

Question 6.

Answer:
226.

Explanation:
76 + 50 + 18 + 82
126 + 18 + 82
144 + 82
226

Lesson 13.7 Measure Objects and Make Line Plots

Explore and Grow

Use a ruler to measure the caterpillars on Lengths of Caterpillars. Use the lengths to complete the chart and the line plot.

Answer:
The long length of the caterpillar = 9.

Explanation:
We have to assume the lengths of the cater pillars.
cater pillar 1 = 6 cms.
cater pillar 2 = 7 cms.
cater pillar 3 = 9 cms.
cater pillar 4 = 9 cms.
cater pillar 5 = 7 cms.
cater pillar 6 = 10 cms.
cater pillar 7 = 8 cms.
cater pillar 8 = 7 cms.
The long length of the caterpillar = 9

Show and Grow

Question 1.
Measure the lengths of 4 pencils. Complete the line plot.

What is the length of the longest pencil? _______ inches
How much longer is the longest pencil than the shortest pencil? _______ inches

Answer:
The length of the longest  pencil = 10 inches.
The longer is the longest pencil than the shortest penccil = 5 inches.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
given that the length of the 4 pencils.
the length of the pencil 1 = 5 inches.
pencil 2 = 6 inches.
pencil 3 = 8 inches.
pencil 4 = 10 inches.
The length of the longest  pencil = 10 inches.
The longer is the longest pencil than the shortest penccil = 5 inches.

Apply and Grow: Practice

Question 2.
Measure the lengths of 8 shoes. Complete the line plot.

What is the length of the longest shoe? ______ inches
What is the length of the shortest shoe? _______ inches
How much shorter is the shortest shoe than the longest shoe? _______ inches
You measure 5 more shoes and they are each6 inches long. How does the line plot change?
_________________________
_________________________

Answer:
The length of the longest shoe = 10 inches.
The length of the shortest shoe = 6 inches.
The shorter is the shortest shoe than the longest shoe = 5 inches.
The line plot changes.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
we have to assume  the examples.
length of the shoe 1 = 6 inches.
length of the shoe 2 = 7 inches.
length of the shoe 3 = 6 inches.
length of the shoe 4 = 7 inches.
length of the shoe 5 = 8 inches.
length of the shoe 6 = 9 inches.
length of the shoe 7 = 10 inches.
length of the shoe 8 = 8 inches.
The length of the longest shoe = 10 inches.
The length of the shortest shoe = 6 inches.
The shorter is the shortest shoe than the longest shoe = 5 inches.
The line plot changes.

Think and Grow: Modeling Real Life

A fire station is building a new garage for emergency vehicles. Complete the sentence. Explain.

The garage should be more than _______ meters long.
____________________

Answer:
The garage should be more than 16 meters long.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
Given that the fire station is building a new garage for emergency vehicles.
the garage should be more than 6 meters long and the shorter than 16 meters long.

Show and Grow

Question 3.
You want to put some school supplies in a pencil box. Complete the sentence. Explain.

The pencil box should be more than _______ centimeters long.
______________________
Answer:

Measure Objects and Make Line Plots Homework & Practice 13.7

Question 1.

Measure the lengths of 5 socks. Complete the line plot.
What is the length of the longest sock? ______ inches
What is the length of the shortest sock? _______ inches
How much longer is the longest sock than the shortest sock? _______ inches

Answer:
The length of the longest sock = 10 inches.
The length of the shortest sock = 7 inches.
The longer is the longest sock than the shortest sock = 3 inches.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
we have to assume the:
sock 1 = 7
sock 2 = 8
sock 3 = 8
sock 4 = 9
sock 5 = 10
The length of the longest sock = 10 inches.
The length of the shortest sock = 7 inches.
The longer is the longest sock than the shortest sock = 3 inches.

Question 2.
Measure the lengths of 4 hands. Complete the line plot.

How many hands are longer than 5 inches? How do you know?
__________________________
___________________________

Answer:
The hands that are longer than 5 inches = 3

Explanation:
We have to assume the hands in inches.
given that hand 1 = 7 inches.
hand 2 = 6 inches.
hand 3 = 5 inches.
hand 4 = 6 inches.
The hands that are longer than 5 inches = 3

Question 3.
Modeling Real Life
Newton wants to put his dog bones in a box. Complete the sentence. Explain.

The box should be more than ______ inches long.
____________________

Answer:
The bo should be more than 11 inches.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
Given that newton wants to put his dog bones in a box.
the box should be more than 11 inches.
the box should be less than 4 inches.
Review & Refresh

Question 4.
10 more than 347 is _______.

Answer:
357

Explanation:
Given that,
10 more than 347 = 357.
347 + 10 = 357

Question 5.
100 less than 926 is _________.

Answer:
826

Explanation:
Given that 100 less than 926 = 826
926 – 100 = 826

Represent and Interpret Data Performance Task

You measure the lengths of 8 writing tools. The tools and their lengths are shown.

Question 1.
Organize the writing tool lengths on the line plot.

Answer:
The maximum length of the pencil = 12cms.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
given that
pencil 1 = 9 cm
pencil 2 = 9 cm
pencil 3 = 6 cm
pencil 4 = 9 cm
pencil 5 = 12 cm
pencil 6 = 12 cm
pencil 7 = 12 cm
pencil  8 = 12 cm
the maximum length of the pencil = 12 cms

Question 2.
Use the line plot to complete the equation. Why is the sum 8?
_____ + ______ + ______ = 8

Answer:
2 + 2 + 4 = 8

Question 3.
Measure your pencil. Add the length of your pencil to the line plot in Exercise 1.

Answer:
My pencil length is = 11 cms.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
given that
pencil 1 = 9 cm
pencil 2 = 9 cm
pencil 3 = 6 cm
pencil 4 = 9 cm
pencil 5 = 12 cm
pencil 6 = 12 cm
pencil 7 = 12 cm
pencil  8 = 12 cm
the maximum length of the pencil = 12 cms
Assuming my pencil length = 11 cms

Question 4.
Compare the lengths of your pencil and one of the writing tools above.

Answer:
The length of my pencil = 11 cms.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
given that
pencil 1 = 9 cm
pencil 2 = 9 cm
pencil 3 = 6 cm
pencil 4 = 9 cm
pencil 5 = 12 cm
pencil 6 = 12 cm
pencil 7 = 12 cm
pencil  8 = 12 cm
the maximum length of the pencil = 12 cms
Assuming my pencil length = 11 cms

Represent and Interpret Data Activity

Spin and Graph
To Play: Spin 10 times. Complete the tally chart. Then complete the bar graph. Answer the Spin and Graph Questions about your graph.

Represent and Interpret Data Chapter Practice

13.1 Sort and Organize Data

Question 1.
Use the data to complete the tally chart.

How many students chose magic show? _______
Which event is the least favorite? __________

Answer:
The students who choose the magic show = 5 students.
The last favorite = dancing.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The students who choose magic show = 5
The students who choose face painting = 4
The students who choose games = 2
The students who choose dancing = 1
The students who choose the magic show = 5 students.
The last favorite = dancing.

Question 2.
Modeling Real Life
You want to survey30 students. How many more students do you need to ask?

______ students
How many more students need to have red hair so that the numbers of students with red hair and blonde hair are equal?
______ students

Answer:
The more students need to ask = 3 students.
The more students need to have red hair so that the numbers of students with red hair and blonde hair are equal = 7 students.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
the hair color which is in red = 2
the hair color which is in black = 5
the hair color which is brown = 10
the hair color which is in blonde = 9
The more students need to ask = 3 students.
The more students need to have red hair so that the numbers of students with red hair and blonde hair are equal = 7 students.

13.2 Read and Interpret Picture Graphs

Question 3.

Which type of book do exactly 7 students like best? _______
How many more students chose magazine than fiction? ________

Answer:
The type of book does exactly 7 students like best = comics.
The more students choose magazine than fiction = 4.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The students who choose comics = 7
The students who choose fiction = 4
The students who choose nonfiction = 5
The students who choose magazine = 8
The type of book does exactly 7 students like best = comics.
The more students choose magazine than fiction = 4.

13.3 Make Picture Graphs

Question 4.
Complete the picture graph.

How many fewer students chose tiger than cheetah? ______
How many students chose the least favorite cat? _______
How many students chose panther or lion? __________

Answer:
The fewer students choose tiger than cheetah = 4
The students who choose least favorite cat = tiger
the students who choose panther = 5
the students who choose lion = 4

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
Given that,
The fewer students choose tiger than cheetah = 4
The students who choose least favorite cat = tiger
the students who choose panther = 5
the students who choose lion = 4

13.4 Read and Interpret Bar Graphs

Question 5.

How much rain fell on Tuesday? ______
Which day did it rain the least? _______
How much more rain fell on Monday than Wednesday? _________

Answer:
The rain fell on Tuesday = 3 inches.
The day it rains the least = thursday.
the more rain fell on Monday than Wednesday = 1 inch.

Explanation:
In the above-given graph,
the rain fell on Monday = 5 inches.
the rain fell on Tuesday = 3 inches.
the rain fell on Wednesday = 4 inches.
the rain fell on Thursday = 2 inches.
The rain fell on Tuesday = 3 inches.
The day it rains the least = Thursday.
the more rain fell on Monday than Wednesday = 1 inch.

13.5 Make Bar Graphs

Question 6.
Complete the bar graph.

How many hurricanes were there in 2012 and 2013? _______

Answer:
The hurricanes were there in 2012 and 2013 = 12.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
given that the hurricanes in the north Atlantic.
in 2012 = 10
2013 = 2
2014 = 5
2015 = 4
The hurricanes were there in 2012 and 2013 = 12.

13.6 Read and Interpret Line Plots

Question 7.
Complete the line plot.

How many feathers are longer than 13 centimeters? How do you know?
__________________
__________________

Answer:
The feathers which are longer than 13 centimeters = 2 feathers.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
The feathers with the lengths in centimeters.
feather 1 = 14 cms.
feather 2 = 13 cms.
feather 3 = 15 cms.
feather 4 = 12 cms.
The feathers which are longer than 13 centimeters = 2 feathers.

13.7 Measure Objects and Make Line Plots

Question 8.
Use an inch ruler to measure the lengths of 5 toys to the nearest inch. Then complete the line plot.

What is the length of the longest toy? _______ inches

Answer:
The length of the longest toy = 9inches.

Explanation:
In the above-given figure,
we have to assume that
the length of the toy 1 = 6 inches.
the length of the toy 2 = 7 inches.
the length of the toy 3 = 6 inches
the length of the toy 4 = 8 inches.
the length of the toy 5 = 9 inches.
The length of the longest toy = 9inches.

Conclusion:

I hope that the solutions explained here are helpful for the students while preparing for the exams. So, download Big Ideas Math 2nd Grade 13th Chapter Represent and Interpret Data Answer Key pdf for free of cost and begin preparation. Students can clear their doubts by writing a comment in the below comment section. Also, bookmark our site to get the latest edition solutions for Big Ideas Math Book Grade 2 Chapters.